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The Relationship of Optimism and Job Satisfaction in Business Schools Research Staw extended his work in collaboration with Bell and Clausen (1986) and correlated affective disposition with various indicators of job satisfaction during early, middle and late adolescence. They found that job satisfaction was significantly and positively related to dispositional affect measured as far back as early adolescence. Luthans et al (2008) attempted to study the effect of positive mood in health care services. Among other variables studied were optimism and its relation with job performance. Results were indicative of positive relationship between measured state of optimism and supervisory performance appraisal. Seligman (1998) while studying optimism in life insurance agents discovered that optimism leads to higher productivity and lower turnover in the workplace. Fredrickson’s (2001) research showed that positive mood facilitates problem solving skills and increases performance, adaptation and well being. At another place, Wright (2005) states that the development of psychological resources like hope, optimism and resilience leads to enhanced job performance. These results support the well established conjecture that happy workers are productive workers. Optimism also fosters a sense of ownership of work. Once we take ownership of our work, we tend to feel an increased sense of responsibility for achievement of organizational goals, which in turn, promotes increased productivity. In the present study, we will focus on whether these factors operate in our culture particularly during the period of recession. 298 PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010
Research The Relationship of Optimism and Job Satisfaction in Business Schools Method Sample: The sample consisted of 80 full time faculty members, randomly selected from Business schools of the Defense region in Karachi. The sample size was calculated through following formula 1.33.log N N = Population 1.33.log 320 3.33 320/3.33=96 Out of the population of 320, 96 faculty members were contacted. 80 members filled the forms carefully, whereas, remaining gave either incomplete information or did not respond. Scores on Optimism were gathered through the administration of Scheier and Carver’s (1985) 12- item, 5 point Likert type Optimism subscale of Life Orientation Test. Job- Satisfaction was measured through the administration of Oldham and Hackman’s (1980), a 3- item, 7- point Likert-type scale. The scales have been attached in appendices. A letter stating the purpose of research was attached to the questionnaire. Participants were assured of confidentiality regarding their identity and the usefulness of data. After completion of data collection, all the test protocols were scored according to the instructions given. The responses were scored in such a direction that high scores are indicative of higher optimism and higher job satisfaction. For finding the relationship between two variables product moment correlation was calculated through SPSS 10.0. Results and Analysis It was almost 60 years back when Maslow (1954) spoke of the need for shift in the focus of psychological studies of PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010 299
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