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The Relationship of Optimism and Job Satisfaction in Business Schools Research a Predictors: (Constant), OPTIMISM In order to ascertain the role of other variables contributing to job satisfaction, regression analysis of job satisfaction was carried out as shown in table 4. The adjusted R squares is found to be .004 which means that there are 96% chances that there are other predictors of job satisfaction other than optimism. According to the work of Akhter, Muniruddin and Sogra (2008) teaching has been regarded as a very challenging job due to its impact on students therefore it requires mental commitment and loyalty and if teachers are not satisfied they will not be able to perform well. As Ali and Asghar (2009) report this dimension of job satisfaction appears to be very clear but they do not appear to be very clear about determinant of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is dependent upon several factors specially in academic profession. Pervaiz et al (1970) and Quin et al (1974) identified organizational characteristics as a major determinant of job satisfaction. Private sector business schools do provide facilities and infra structure which facilitate the teaching process, such as multimedia, overhead projector, white boards, stationary, clean washrooms, politics free environment which faculty members may not find otherwise in public sector institutions. The academic profession also allows teachers to have last quarter of the day free which allows them to expand their earning and find time for leisure or creative activities. Conclusion: The study examines the relation of optimism and job satisfaction. Out of 320 permanent faculty members of business schools of the Defense region in Karachi, 80 were asked to rate themselves on scales of job satisfaction and optimism. Results showed statistically insignificant weak negative correlation between job satisfaction and optimism (p>.05). The item wise analysis of optimism and job satisfaction revealed that items of 304 PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010
Research The Relationship of Optimism and Job Satisfaction in Business Schools optimism having negative connotation correlate negatively with items of job satisfaction having positive connotation ,but these estimated coefficients are also insignificant at .05 level. The results are consistent with Ahn & Gracia’s (2004) study. According to them during periods of high unemployment people generally appreciate their jobs irrespective of their psychological variables. The regression analysis of optimism revealed that there are 96% chances that other variables are operative behind job satisfaction. Bonner (1997) discovered benefits, bonus, overtime, transport and medical allowance as having positive relationship with job satisfaction of employees. However, Clark and Keating’s (1995) study shows that job satisfaction can exist in absence of optimism because interaction with students is identified as the most satisfying aspect for teachers. Future research is required involving the inclusion of other variables in order to provide clear insight about factors promoting job satisfaction. References Ahn .N. & Gracia, J.M (2004). Job Satisfaction In Europe Fedea 2004, 16. www.ideas.respec.org Akhtar,I. Muniruddin,G.& Sogra,K.J.(2008). A trend Analysis of Faculty Turnover at the Private Universities in Bangladesh: A business School Perspective” Journal of Business Studies, Vol ,IV, No 1. Bonner, M. (1997). Stages of change, Job Satisfaction , Weight and Activity at Two Worksite Wellness Programs. Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Southern Mississipi.USA. Buss.D.M (1991) Evolutionary Personality Psychology. Annual Review of Psychology . 42, 457- 491. Medilink. Chakravarthy.B.S.(1986). Measuring performance. Strategic Management Journal,7.437-458. PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010 305
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