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The Impact of Positive Attitude on Job Satisfaction Research Organ, d.W& Konovosky, m.A (1989) Cognitive versus emotional determinants of orgnizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied psychology74:L 157-164. Organ, d.W& Rayan, K.(1995) A meta- analytic review of Attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology 484:775-802. Rose J, Ahuja AK, Jones C. Attitudes (2006) of direct care staff towards external professionals, team climate and psychological wellbeing: a pilot study. J Intellect Disabil 2006;10 : 105–120 www.ajronline.org Salovey, P, Rothman. A.J., Detweiler, J.B., Steward WT. Emotional states and physical health. Am Psychol (2000);55 : 110–121 www.ajronline.org Scheier, M.F., & Carver,C.S.(1985). Optimism, Coping and health assessment amd implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology.4:219-247. Seligman, M. E. P. (1998, April). Positive social science. APA Monitor, 29, 2, 5. [Context Link] www.tms.com Seligman, M.E.P., (1991), Learned Optimism, Alfred Knopf, New York. www.tms.com Sinha D, 1958. “Job satisfaction in the office and manual workers”. Indian Journal of Social Work, 19, 39-46. goliath.ecnext.com Srivaser, Deepak.(2004). Sectorial comparison of factors influencing job Satisfaction in banking sector. Singapore Management review. Jul (2004) (www.goliath.ecnext.com). Wright,T.A. (2005). The role “happiness” in organizational research: Past, present and future directions. In P.L.Perrewe &D.C.Ganster(Eds), Research in occupational stress and well being, vol.4.221-264.Amsterdam.JAL. PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010 344
Research Optimism, Self-Confidence and Work Engagement of Workers OPTIMISM, SELF-CONFIDENCE AND WORK ENGAGEMENT OF WORKERS IN ACCOUNTS AND NURSING PROFESSIONS - GENDER DIFFERENCES Abstract Sehar Hassan, Jinnah Nursing College Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi Purpose - This exploratory study compares optimism, selfconfidence and Work engagement of males and females workers in the field of Accounts and Nursing. The purpose is to see differences in optimism, self-confidence and work engagement patterns of males and females when they choose professions that are dominated by other genders. In Pakistan Accounting is primarily a male-dominated profession and Nursing is a female dominated profession. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study design was employed for this study. The sample comprised 48 (60%) accountants, out of which 18 (37%) male chartered accountants and 30 (62.5 %) female chartered accountants. There were 32 (40%) nurses, out of which 21 (65%) female nurses and 11 (34%) male nurses. Age ranged from 22-41 years (M =30 yrs, SD = 5.01) Work experience range from 2-19 years. (M= 7 yrs, S.D. =5.3) 45 (56%) were single, 33 (41%) were married and 2(2%) were separated/ divorced. To measure optimism Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) was used. To measure self-confidence four items from State Sport-Confidence Inventory (SSCI) was used after some modifications. To assess work engagement Gallup Organisation’s Q12 was used. Results –The overall mean score of participants is 14 on optimism, 10 on self confidence and 8 on work engagement. The mean score of male and female participants indicate minor differences 345 PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010
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