Complete Volume - Institute of Business Management

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Optimism, Self-Confidence and Work Engagement of Workers Research on optimism and self-confidence, work engagement. Male participants had a slightly higher mean score on optimism, selfconfidence and work-engagement. T-test values indicate the difference between male and female participants’ scores on measures of optimism, self-confidence and work engagement are significant (p
Research Optimism, Self-Confidence and Work Engagement of Workers Introduction Generally, work has always been found important to psychological functioning for both men and women. Kohn and Schooler (1983) indicated that work leads to improve mental flexibility and self-esteem. Work provides an ‘optimal experience’ or ‘flow’ to professionals. (Csikszentmihalyi & Le Fevre, 1989) Applebaum (1992) suggested that ‘work is like the spine which structures the way people live, how they contact material and social reality, and how they achieve status and self-esteem. Work is basic to the human condition, to the creation of the human environment, and to the context of human relationships’. Jahoda (1982) considered employment as a social institution and important for well-being. She identified that employment provides time structure, social contact, collective purpose, social status and regular activity. All these aspects are important for mental well-being of individuals. Allison and Duncan (1988) measured enjoyable flow among working women and found ‘work’ a primary source of flow for professional workers. Using a similar questionnaire, a study of male and female office workers also indicated that enjoyable flow is associated with well-being. (Bryce & Haworth, 2002) Historically, many professions have been genderstereotyped as suitable only for men or women. Gender stereotypes promote the idea that women should be orienting towards professions, which require nurturing or care taking activities, whereas men should choose professions, which are technology oriented. For instance, Accounting, business and technical fields have been traditionally male-dominated 347 PAKISTAN BUSINESS REVIEW JULY 2010
Page 1 and 2:
Pakistan’s Balance of Payments Pr
Page 3 and 4:
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Research Process Capability Analysi
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Cross Validation of Ryff Scales of
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Differences in Mobile Service Perce
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74: Research The Relationship of Optimi
Page 91 and 92: Research The Incoherence of Islamic
Page 107 and 108: Research The Impact of Positive Att
Page 123: Research Optimism, Self-Confidence
Page 127 and 128: Research Optimism, Self-Confidence
Page 141 and 142: Research Effect of Intrinsic and Ex
Page 151 and 152: Research Index of Multiple Deprivat
Page 171 and 172: Discussion After The Crisis, Will C
Page 173 and 174: Discussion After The Crisis, Will C
Page 175 and 176:
Discussion After The Crisis, Will C
Page 177 and 178:
Case Study Language Barrier in Rice
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Book Review Curriculum of Pakistan
Page 195 and 196:
Book Review Curriculum of Pakistan
Page 197 and 198:
Book Review Curriculum of English B
Page 199 and 200:
Book Review Linguistic Awareness in
Page 201:
Book Review Linguistic Awareness in
show all

Complete Volume - Institute of Business Management

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?