REVISTA ROMÂNĂ DE AUTOMATICĂ - IPA SA

REVISTA ROMÂNĂ DE AUTOMATICĂ
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(Arctic and R12), and, by 1990 numerous
major equipments in producing menial
refrigeration start to be commercialized
(Zanussi, Electrolux, Indesit, Gorenje, etc),
with thermodynamical performances and
with various effects on the medium. If, in
the beginning, the commercialization was
accessible enough, allowing also
equipments using refrigerants forbidden by
the Montreal Protocol, after it’s ratification
by Romania (1993) only refrigerating
equipments with ecological working fluids
have been imported (R134a, R600). In
figure 1, we can observe a continuous
volume rise of the cooling volume for the
menial consumption. Simultaneously,
because of the increased comfort and the
need of a more reduced specific energy’s
consumption, the population turns to more
advanced equipments (with larger volumes, but
more efficient), a contribution to this being
brought by the energetic labeling of these
equipments. More and more used are the
refrigerators with more efficient equipments
(compressors, heat exchangers), in search of
placing them within the energetic classes A and
A+. In figure 2 one can notice a drop of the
specific energy’s consumption (W/l). The
highest specific consumptions correspond to the
more reduced volumes (65….1251), a
characteristic of the less advanced Romanian
equipments (ARCTIC- the old generation).
Along with the rise of the cooled volume (the
ones used lately being the equipments with
higher volume), but also with the use of
advanced equipments, one can observe a
continuous diminish of the specific energy
consumption.
Cooled volume, [l]
600
500
400
300
200
100
Specific consumptions,
[kW/dayl]
0,007
0,006
0,005
0,004
0,003
0,002
0,001
0
65 145 215 235 275 350 400
0
1975 1985 1990 2005
Eyar
Cooled volume, [l]
Figure 1: The required cooled volume vs. year
Figure 2: The variation of the energy specific
consumption vs. cooled volume
2.2. ENERGETIC CONSUMPTIONS
FOR AIR CONDITIONING
For home air conditioning, the corresponding
rise of the electrical energy consumption is
even more spectacular, being almost absent
before 1990 and reaching today to a point
with air conditioning installation in almost
50% of homes. This phenomenon is due to
the continuous rise of the air’s temperature in
summer, on one hand, and to the comfort
conditions inside the houses, which are
higher by day, on the other hand. Considering
the importance of electric energy
consumption for building air conditioning out
of the total of menial consumptions, we
consider adequate the analysis of these
individual consumptions, as well as the
necessity of their reduction by adopting new
design solutions and new exploitation
techniques.
Two systems for comfort ventilation inside
buildings are being used: systems with direct
evaporation (split, multisplit) and systems
with indirect cooling with secondary
refrigerant (chiller and fan coils).