Fundamental Organic Chemistry
Fundamental Organic Chemistry
Fundamental Organic Chemistry
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Problems:<br />
1- Calculate the R f values for the following compounds:<br />
(a) Spot,5 cm; solvent front, 20cm<br />
(b) Spot,3 cm; solvent front,12 cm<br />
(c) Spot,9.8cm;solvent front,12cm<br />
Technique 6<br />
Distillation:<br />
Distillation is a general technique used for removing a solvent, purifying a<br />
liquid or separation the components of a liquid mixture. In distillation, liquid is<br />
vaporized by boiling, then condensed back to a liquid, called the distillate or<br />
condensate, and collected in a separate flask.<br />
Types of distillation:<br />
1-Fractional distillation<br />
Miscible liquids are much more difficult to separate. Mixtures of<br />
miscible liquids can be separated by fractional distillation. It will provide the<br />
boiling points of the liquids are not too close.<br />
If we want to separate a mixture of ethanol and water. The diagram<br />
below is suitable for this process. The fractionating column is packed with glass<br />
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