Fundamental Organic Chemistry
Fundamental Organic Chemistry
Fundamental Organic Chemistry
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ead. It provides a large surface area for vaporization and condensation of the<br />
liquid mixture.<br />
Ethanol is more volatile than water, since it has a lower boiling point<br />
(78 o C). The vapor rises up the fractionating column when the mixture is heated.<br />
Because ethanol is more volatile, the vapor contains more ethanol. The hot vapor<br />
condenses upon touching the cold glass beads. There is a continues rise of hot<br />
vapor up the fractionating column at the same time. Hot vapor will make the<br />
condensed vapor boils again. It will contain more and more ethanol as the vapor<br />
rises up to the fractionating column.<br />
Fig.(8): Fractional distillation<br />
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