Fundamental Organic Chemistry

More documents

Recommendations

Info

4-Acetone CH 3 O C CH 3 Acetone is colorless liquid with a characteristic odor, inflammable, miscible with water, alcohol & ether . Test Observation Result 1-2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine test: In a test tube put 1ml of acetone +1ml of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2-Schiff’s Reagent: In a test tube put 1 ml of acetone + drops of Schiff’s reagent. 3-Iodoform Test : In the test tube put 1ml of acetone +3ml of Iodine then add drops of NaOH immediately. Yellow precipitate is formed. magenta color appears slowly, need long time Yellow ppt. is formed on cold. The ppt. is hydrazone derivative this prove that acetone contain carbonyl group . Acetone is ketone not aldehyde . The Yellow ppt. is Iodoform CHI 3 (22) . CH 3 O C CH 3 3 I 2 - 3 HI CH 3 COC I 3 NaOH C HI 3 + CH 3 COONa Iodal Iodoform … (22) 4 - Sodium nitroprusside Test: In the test tube put 1ml of acetone + 0.5 ml of Sodium nitroprusside then put drops of NaOH with shaking. Deep Red Solution Formed. It’s Acetone characteristic test for (- COCH 3 ). 52
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Liquid organic acids • All acids contains carboxyl group COOH. • Acids divided into two major classes. Aliphatic acid and aromatic acid. Also can divide into different types according to number of carboxylic group in the molecules or according to type or number of another group attached to acid molecules. Aliphatic acids : HCOOH formic acid Aromatic acid: COOH CH 3 COOH Acetic acid COOH COOH COOH oxalic acid OH HO CH COOH HO CH COOH Tartaric acid Benzoic acid Salicylic acid Neutral Solution of acid: N.S of acid is the ammonium salt for acid RCOOH + NH 4 OH RCOONH 4 + H 2 O Some chemical reactions used to identify such acids carried out on its N.S. 53
Page 1 and 2: King Abdul Aziz University Faculty
Page 3 and 4: 11. All chemicals in the lab are da
Page 5 and 6: Lab Equipment Test Tube Brushes Tes
Page 7 and 8: clamp Filter paper Pipet Bunsen Bur
Page 9 and 10: Gravity filtration: Apiece of filte
Page 11 and 12: Technique 2 Crystallization: When a
Page 13 and 14: solvent Bp( O C) Useful for water 1
Page 15 and 16: Technique 3 Sublimation: Sublimatio
Page 17 and 18: vacuum and removing the tube so tha
Page 19 and 20: separatory funnel allows the bottom
Page 21 and 22: After venting, close the stopcock,
Page 23 and 24: 1- Column Chromatography Column chr
Page 25 and 26: 2- Thin-Layer Chromatography(TLC) T
Page 27 and 28: chloroform (CAUTION : toxic). A 2 :
Page 29 and 30: ead. It provides a large surface ar
Page 31 and 32: 3-Steam distillation Steam distilla
Page 33 and 34: HYDROCARBONS Compound containing on
Page 35 and 36: Test Observation Result 1-Brominati
Page 37 and 38: Test Observation Result 1-Brominati
Page 39 and 40: NO 2 + H 2 O HNO 3 Conc. H 2 SO 4 C
Page 41 and 42: 1-Methanol CH 3 OH Methyl alcohol i
Page 43 and 44: CH 3 COONa + CH 3 CH 2 OH H 2 SO 4
Page 45 and 46: CARBONYL COMPOUND 1-Aldehydes 2-Ket
Page 47 and 48: O O H C H + Ag 2 O H C OH + 2Ag ...
Page 49 and 50: 4-Aldol Condensation In a test tube
Page 51: B) Fehling's solution In a test tub
Page 55 and 56: 1- Formic acids HCOOH Formic acid i
Page 57 and 58: 2- Acetic acid CH 3 COOH Acetic aci
Page 59 and 60: 3-Lactic acid CH 3 CH(OH)COOH Is li
Page 61 and 62: Third: 1ml of unknown + 3ml of iodi
Page 63 and 64: Experiment to differentiate between
Page 65 and 66: 2-Salicylic acid C 6 H 5 (OH)COOH S
Page 67 and 68: 2-Tartaric acid HO HO CH CH COOH CO
Page 69 and 70: PHENOL Phenol is aromatic compound
Page 71 and 72: 3-Chloroform test : 1ml of phenol d
Page 73 and 74: OH 3-α-Naphthol Solid, insoluble i
Page 75 and 76: Scheme for solid sample Organic com
Page 77 and 78: Second: 0.25 gm of unknown + 1ml of
Page 79: Confirmatory test: Test Formic acid

Fundamental Organic Chemistry

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?