Fundamental Organic Chemistry
Fundamental Organic Chemistry
Fundamental Organic Chemistry
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
CH 2<br />
COOH<br />
3-Citric acid<br />
HO<br />
C<br />
COOH<br />
CH 2<br />
COOH<br />
Citric acid is Colorless crystalline solid, freely soluble in water and alcohols. By<br />
heating a heavy vapor with irritating smell evolved and finally undergo charring<br />
Test Observation Result<br />
1-Acidity test :<br />
0.25gm of acid +1ml of NaHCO 3<br />
solution .<br />
CO 2 evolves with<br />
effervescence<br />
The compound from<br />
carboxylic acid<br />
2-Ferric chloride test:<br />
1ml of N.S. + drops of FeCl 3 . No change for FeCl 3<br />
color<br />
Oxalic or tartaric or<br />
citric acid<br />
3-Calcium chloride test :<br />
1ml of N.S. of acid +1ml of<br />
CaCl 2 .<br />
White ppt. appear<br />
after boiling<br />
The ppt. is calcium citrate<br />
specific test of citric acid<br />
4-Silver nitrate test :<br />
1ml of N.S. of acids + 2ml of White ppt. dissolve The ppt. is silver citrate<br />
silver nitrate AgNO 3 .<br />
in ammonia<br />
5-Denig's test :<br />
2ml of N.S. + 2ml of denig's A<br />
& heating until boiling then add<br />
2 drops of deng's B .<br />
Color of<br />
permanganate will<br />
disappear and heavy<br />
white ppt. formed<br />
specific test of citric acid<br />
68
Change language