Fundamental Organic Chemistry
Fundamental Organic Chemistry
Fundamental Organic Chemistry
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To Make Neutral Solution N.S.:<br />
Add to the acid aqueous NH 3 (NH 4 OH) till the solution is just alkaline to litmus.<br />
Boil the solution until the evolution of NH 3 gas ceases ( this can be ensured by<br />
exposing a red litmus paper to vapor ) .<br />
General properties for acids :<br />
1. Soluble in sodium hydroxide.<br />
2. Soluble in sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate with eff. of CO 2 gas.<br />
3. When heated the acids with sodalime CO 2 evolved.<br />
COOH<br />
CaO/NaOH<br />
heat + CO 2<br />
COOH<br />
OH<br />
CaO/NaOH<br />
heat<br />
OH<br />
+ CO 2<br />
1. Acids react with alcohol in present of conc. H 2 SO 4 produce ester with specific<br />
odor .<br />
'<br />
RCOOH + ROH<br />
'<br />
H 2 SO 4 '<br />
RCOOR H 2 O<br />
+<br />
2. N.S of acid with ferric chloride solution. Gives specific color for each acid.<br />
3. Acids Solution turns litmus paper to red.<br />
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