Draft Report of the Expert Group on International STI Cooperation to ...

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governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom, and <strong>the</strong> United States, thus leading to <strong>the</strong> name <strong>Group</strong> <strong>of</strong> Six or G6. The summit became known as <strong>the</strong> <strong>Group</strong> <strong>of</strong> Seven or G7 <strong>the</strong> following year with <strong>the</strong> addition <strong>of</strong> Canada. In 1997, Russia was added to group which <strong>the</strong>n became known as <strong>the</strong> G8.[1] The European Union is represented within <strong>the</strong> G8 but cannot host or chair summits.[2]”2 GDP Gross Domestic Product GPN Global Production Networks GVCs Global Value Chains H2020 Horizon 2020 HBA Home-base Augmenting ICT Information and Communication Technologies IISER Integrated Information System on European Researchers INCO International Cooperation IP Intellectual Property IPR Intellectual Property Rights IRSES International Research Staff Exchange Scheme IT Information Technologies JP Joint Programming JPIs Joint Programming Initiatives JRC IPTS Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies KET Key Enabling Technologies MNEs Multinational Enterprises MS Member States OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PROs Public Research Organisations PROTON ProTon Europe, <strong>the</strong> European Knowledge Transfer Association, created in 2003 by <strong>the</strong> European Commission and self supporting since 2007 R&D Research and Development RI Research Infrastructures RTD Research and Technology Development RTDI Research, Technology Development and Innovation S&T Science and Technology SFIC Strategic Forum for International S&T Cooperation SMEs Small and Medium-sized Enterprises SRA Strategic Research Agendas STI Science, Technology and Innovation UN United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development WB World Bank 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G8#cite_note-0 8
Executive summary Changes in <strong>the</strong> international landscape require urgent policy action Over <strong>the</strong> past few decades <strong>the</strong> international landscape has changed in ways that seem both dramatic and contradictory. New players have emerged, notably emerging economies such as China, Brazil, India, and South Africa. Smaller economies like Vietnam are to a greater degree imitating <strong>the</strong> Chinese strategy <strong>of</strong> placing science, technology and innovation (STI) at <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> economic development strategies, and raw materials based economies like Australia are increasingly STI-driven. Although Europe, Japan and North America still dominate aggregate STI investment globally, <strong>the</strong>ir shares are declining, and <strong>the</strong> international landscape is increasingly multi-polar. The current economic and budgetary crisis in many European countries are increasingly resulting in a stagnation or even reduction <strong>of</strong> public spending on research, innovation and education in Europe at <strong>the</strong> same time as it undermines Europe’s ability to attract global talent and corporate STI investments. As a result, <strong>the</strong> EU as a region risks falling behind. Europe is still attractive as an STI location due to its developed markets, advanced demand and high science and technology capacity but <strong>the</strong>re is increasing global competition for attracting foreign R&D and talent. Overall, <strong>the</strong> changing global landscape both creates opportunities and increases <strong>the</strong> need for streng<strong>the</strong>ning internationalization, e.g. due to increasing R&D costs and skills shortages, <strong>the</strong> emergence <strong>of</strong> new markets and persistent European and global challenges. The rapid increase in research and innovation resources outside Europe combined with Europe’s relatively weak linkages to emerging research and innovation hubs in Latin America, Asia and Africa (and <strong>the</strong> Middle East), and <strong>the</strong> benefits <strong>of</strong>fered by international cooperation in science and technology, underline <strong>the</strong> urgent need for strategic policy action. A more strategic EU as a global player in STI The changing global landscape warrants a strategic European framework to tackle international developments in a coherent and proactive fashion. This should involve <strong>the</strong> Member States and Associated Countries in well-functioning partnerships with an efficient division <strong>of</strong> labour to generate high impact against clearly stated objectives. It should also involve key stakeholders to optimize <strong>the</strong> efficient pooling and allocation <strong>of</strong> resources and to ensure that initiatives are relevant and anchored. Such a framework requires moving to a genuinely European-level strategy based on <strong>the</strong> needs and goals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> EU as a whole to streng<strong>the</strong>n Europe's attractiveness and competitiveness in research and innovation. Whereas <strong>the</strong> recent strategy for international STI cooperation gave much attention to cooperation, a new strategy should be based on collaboration and integration. In <strong>the</strong>ir current forms, EU STI policies already have international dimensions, e.g. in <strong>the</strong>matic programmes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Framework Programme, but <strong>the</strong>y are fragmented, driven by diverse and sometimes conflicting objectives and lack <strong>of</strong> strategy, strategic intelligence and effective instruments. 9
Page 1 and 2: International Cooperation in Scienc
Page 3 and 4: EUROPEAN COMMISSION International C
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents
Page 7 and 8: Composition of <st
Page 9: List of abbreviati
Page 13 and 14: Research and innovation infrastruct
Page 15 and 16: allow strategic partnerships with a
Page 17 and 18: 5. Variable geometry should be expl
Page 19 and 20: ERA was discussed as part o
Page 21 and 22: • Enable EU and MS to tackle glob
Page 23 and 24: innovation policy needs to anticipa
Page 25 and 26: • Developing economies with stron
Page 27 and 28: • The general opening principle a
Page 29 and 30: third countries, while the<
Page 31 and 32: and Member States of</stron
Page 33 and 34: intrinsic objectives of</st
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 2: Measures and instruments fo
Page 37 and 38: and lead to a significantly more at
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 4 Long and medium term priorit
Page 41 and 42: in nature, and in general occur bet
Page 43 and 44: egulations and values that make up
Page 45 and 46: Towards a strategic approach A stra
Page 47 and 48: Exploit variable geometry Objective
Page 49 and 50: third countries, typically with <st
Page 51 and 52: c) with a strong jointly accessible
Page 53 and 54: e) funded by the E
Page 55 and 56: The need for an evidence- and analy
Page 57 and 58: 1) Understanding the</stron
Page 59 and 60: Scientific collaboration: (priority
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• International acquisition <stro
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• a collaboration of</str
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• Information on national priorit
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Conclusions and key policy recommen
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educational level of</stron
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Kaiser L., Ganea P., Gibson J., and
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Annex 1: Mandate of</strong
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Consideration should include: - def
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Annex 2: Dimensions of</str
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Annex 3: Trends, Drivers and Impact
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however, is not so far justified by
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companies from different countries
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competitors are located in
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This engineering pattern is, howeve
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Researcher mobility schemes operati
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SME are usually constricted due to
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