Draft Report of the Expert Group on International STI Cooperation to ...

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The output <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> science system is both in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> publications and patents, although publications prevail in quantity. Over <strong>the</strong> last two decades though, universities and PROs have developed <strong>the</strong> competencies and instruments to deal with this dual output simultaneously. This has led to <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> IPR practices that are well developed and articulated, even at <strong>the</strong> early stages <strong>of</strong> scientific discovery and publication. Even as technology is under development, <strong>the</strong> Technology Transfer Offices that have emerged at universities and PROs know very well how to deal with IP at <strong>the</strong> discovery frontier. This emerging practice should be fur<strong>the</strong>r developed in line with <strong>the</strong> guidelines for IP management produced by <strong>the</strong> Knowledge Transfer Working <strong>Group</strong> <strong>of</strong> ERAC 15 which specifically concern research cooperation agreements with partners beyond Europe. The EG strongly supports <strong>the</strong>se guidelines as a key component in a EU level strategy for international cooperation. 15 European Research Area Guidelines on Intellectual Property (IP) Management in International Research Collaboration Agreements between European and Non-European Partners. Knowledge Transfer Working <strong>Group</strong> <strong>of</strong> ERAC, June 2012. 44
Exploit variable geometry Objectives for STI internationalisation policies Basically two different sets <strong>of</strong> R&D internationalisation objectives can be distinguished: an intrinsic one, which put goals into <strong>the</strong> centre <strong>of</strong> public S&T policy that directly aim to substantiate S&T (e.g. through enabling R&D cooperation among <strong>the</strong> best researchers globally or to find joint solutions for large-scale R&D infrastructures which cannot be financed by a country on its own); and an extrinsic one, which ra<strong>the</strong>r focuses on goals that are meant to support o<strong>the</strong>r policies (e.g. facilitation <strong>of</strong> access to foreign markets through standard-settings or research for development to assist technical development cooperation). In 2008 <strong>the</strong> CREST 16 working group on internationalisation identified among <strong>the</strong> European Union Member States <strong>the</strong> following objectives that drive R&D internationalisation from an S&T policy perspective 17 : • quality acceleration and excellence • market and competition • resource acquisition • cost optimisation • global or regional development • science diplomacy Different rationales are guiding <strong>the</strong>se objectives: <strong>the</strong> rationale behind <strong>the</strong> quality acceleration and excellence objective is primarily an intrinsic one that assumes that international R&D cooperation improves <strong>the</strong> domestic science base, leading to faster and improved scientific progress as well as enhanced scientific productivity and is also supportive for <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional advancement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> involved researchers (e.g. through joint publications in acknowledged international journals). Behind this assumption stands <strong>the</strong> idea that only <strong>the</strong> ‘best’ (institutions and/or researchers) succeed also in international competitive procedures 18 . The rationale behind <strong>the</strong> extrinsic market and competition objective is to support <strong>the</strong> market entry <strong>of</strong> domestically produced technologies/innovations abroad as well as to support <strong>the</strong> access to and a quick uptake <strong>of</strong> technologies produced abroad within <strong>the</strong> domestic economy. Here absorption capacities and <strong>the</strong> availability <strong>of</strong> efficient spill-over mechanisms are <strong>of</strong> importance. The rationale behind <strong>the</strong> resource acquisition objective overlaps partly with <strong>the</strong> two major objectives mentioned before. The access to information, knowledge, technology and expertise as well as to singular equipment/facilities and materials are in <strong>the</strong> focus. But 16 CREST (since 26 May 2010 renamed into ERAC: European Research Area Committee) is a strategic policy advisory body whose function is to assist <strong>the</strong> European Commission and <strong>the</strong> Council <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European Union in performing <strong>the</strong> tasks incumbent on <strong>the</strong>se institutions in <strong>the</strong> sphere <strong>of</strong> research and technological development. 17 These were confirmed by Boekholt et al. (2009), who included in <strong>the</strong>ir comparative study also policy examples from non-EU countries. 18 This assumption can, however, be challenged. A deliberation on this is provided by Schuch (2011). 45
Page 1 and 2: International Cooperation in Scienc
Page 3 and 4: EUROPEAN COMMISSION International C
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents
Page 7 and 8: Composition of <st
Page 9 and 10: List of abbreviati
Page 11 and 12: Executive summary Changes in <stron
Page 13 and 14: Research and innovation infrastruct
Page 15 and 16: allow strategic partnerships with a
Page 17 and 18: 5. Variable geometry should be expl
Page 19 and 20: ERA was discussed as part o
Page 21 and 22: • Enable EU and MS to tackle glob
Page 23 and 24: innovation policy needs to anticipa
Page 25 and 26: • Developing economies with stron
Page 27 and 28: • The general opening principle a
Page 29 and 30: third countries, while the<
Page 31 and 32: and Member States of</stron
Page 33 and 34: intrinsic objectives of</st
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 2: Measures and instruments fo
Page 37 and 38: and lead to a significantly more at
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 4 Long and medium term priorit
Page 41 and 42: in nature, and in general occur bet
Page 43 and 44: egulations and values that make up
Page 45: Towards a strategic approach A stra
Page 49 and 50: third countries, typically with <st
Page 51 and 52: c) with a strong jointly accessible
Page 53 and 54: e) funded by the E
Page 55 and 56: The need for an evidence- and analy
Page 57 and 58: 1) Understanding the</stron
Page 59 and 60: Scientific collaboration: (priority
Page 61 and 62: • International acquisition <stro
Page 63 and 64: • a collaboration of</str
Page 65 and 66: • Information on national priorit
Page 67 and 68: Conclusions and key policy recommen
Page 69 and 70: educational level of</stron
Page 71 and 72: Kaiser L., Ganea P., Gibson J., and
Page 73 and 74: Annex 1: Mandate of</strong
Page 75 and 76: Consideration should include: - def
Page 77 and 78: Annex 2: Dimensions of</str
Page 79 and 80: Annex 3: Trends, Drivers and Impact
Page 81 and 82: however, is not so far justified by
Page 83 and 84: companies from different countries
Page 85 and 86: competitors are located in
Page 87 and 88: This engineering pattern is, howeve
Page 89 and 90: Researcher mobility schemes operati
Page 91: SME are usually constricted due to
Page 95 and 96: How to obtain EU publications Free

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