Draft Report of the Expert Group on International STI Cooperation to ...

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KETs (key enabling technologies) Primarily bottomup) Where <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>mes reflect existing research competencies and capacities and maintaining or catching-up competiveness in crucial, specific technological areas, <strong>the</strong>re should be a much stronger bottom-up approach, because <strong>of</strong> short life cycles means that time-to-market is important. The priority should be <strong>the</strong> technological competences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> partners, as judged by <strong>the</strong> EU partners, ra<strong>the</strong>r than geographical or national level issues. Generic technology and interdisciplinary standard-setting Focus on development and product/processes that are close-tomarket Interaction between customer-suppliers on development and market-adaptation innovation project Establishment <strong>of</strong> voluntary standard-setting, driven by firms - focus is on Customer-supplier networks:Internal (GPN, MNE, or keiretsu) standards Also extends to helping EU firms meet standards set by non-EU firms. Focus is on applied research Establishment <strong>of</strong> EU based Centres for knowledge transfers built around communities <strong>of</strong> practice. These centres build strong partnerships with industry, national laboratories, and international centres <strong>of</strong> Excellence Objective is to promote complex interactions between researchers and users. The more sustained and intense <strong>the</strong> interaction between researchers and users, <strong>the</strong> more likely <strong>the</strong> research results will be used. Secondary objective is SME-driven: SMEs cannot afford to spend resources on long-term research projects, because short-term imperatives mean that resources simply are not <strong>the</strong>re to invest in <strong>the</strong>se areas. Resources (time, money, and so on) to address short-term goals reduce <strong>the</strong> ability to draw on resources for long-term goals. Focus is on global production networks and global value chains, where joint innovation activity is core to longer-term participation in GPN or GVC Focus is on 1. EU SMEs acting as suppliers to non-EU GPNs 2. Non-EU suppliers to EU-centred GPNs and GVCs Objective is to reduce transaction costs bottom- Primarily up) Precompetitive voluntary standards setting in nascent sectors 76
Annex 3: Trends, Drivers and Impact from Internationalisation <strong>of</strong> STI 31 Trends in <strong>the</strong> Internationalisation <strong>of</strong> Science The US and <strong>the</strong> EU have for decades led <strong>the</strong> world in production <strong>of</strong> scientific knowledge in both quantity and quality terms. However, in quantity terms, both <strong>the</strong> US and <strong>the</strong> EU, and o<strong>the</strong>r developed nations have started to lose ground to Asia, particularly China. China has doubled its output since 2004 and now publishes more than any o<strong>the</strong>r country apart from <strong>the</strong> US. Publication frequency has also risen in o<strong>the</strong>r emerging nations such as Brazil, South Korea and Turkey. China's growth is particularly impressive in targeted disciplines, notably engineering, chemistry and physics. China is focusing its knowledge base building up in key technologies such as material sciences. China and o<strong>the</strong>r Asian countries are for now only very modestly making inroads into <strong>the</strong> top quality segments. However, in specific fields, engineering being <strong>the</strong> prime example, <strong>the</strong> top segment is also contested. China and o<strong>the</strong>r Asian countries are already having a significant impact on this discipline, and <strong>the</strong> gap between China/Asia and <strong>the</strong> EU/US is closing fast. Tsinghua and Beijing Universities are <strong>the</strong> chief targets to become world's top universities. Both are already listed among <strong>the</strong> top 200 in <strong>the</strong> Shanghai Ranking <strong>of</strong> Research Universities. Figure 1 Publications in <strong>the</strong> Web <strong>of</strong> Science, 1986-2009 Source: Thomson Reuters Web <strong>of</strong> Science; cited from evaluation <strong>of</strong> NSFC 31 By Reinhilde Veugelers, see also Veugelers (2010) Bruegel Policy Contribution and <strong>the</strong> references cited <strong>the</strong>rein. 77
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International Cooperation in Scienc
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION International C
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Table of contents
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Composition of <st
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List of abbreviati
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Executive summary Changes in <stron
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Research and innovation infrastruct
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allow strategic partnerships with a
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5. Variable geometry should be expl
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ERA was discussed as part o
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• Enable EU and MS to tackle glob
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innovation policy needs to anticipa
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• Developing economies with stron
Page 27 and 28: • The general opening principle a
Page 29 and 30: third countries, while the<
Page 31 and 32: and Member States of</stron
Page 33 and 34: intrinsic objectives of</st
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 2: Measures and instruments fo
Page 37 and 38: and lead to a significantly more at
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 4 Long and medium term priorit
Page 41 and 42: in nature, and in general occur bet
Page 43 and 44: egulations and values that make up
Page 45 and 46: Towards a strategic approach A stra
Page 47 and 48: Exploit variable geometry Objective
Page 49 and 50: third countries, typically with <st
Page 51 and 52: c) with a strong jointly accessible
Page 53 and 54: e) funded by the E
Page 55 and 56: The need for an evidence- and analy
Page 57 and 58: 1) Understanding the</stron
Page 59 and 60: Scientific collaboration: (priority
Page 61 and 62: • International acquisition <stro
Page 63 and 64: • a collaboration of</str
Page 65 and 66: • Information on national priorit
Page 67 and 68: Conclusions and key policy recommen
Page 69 and 70: educational level of</stron
Page 71 and 72: Kaiser L., Ganea P., Gibson J., and
Page 73 and 74: Annex 1: Mandate of</strong
Page 75 and 76: Consideration should include: - def
Page 77: Annex 2: Dimensions of</str
Page 81 and 82: however, is not so far justified by
Page 83 and 84: companies from different countries
Page 85 and 86: competitors are located in
Page 87 and 88: This engineering pattern is, howeve
Page 89 and 90: Researcher mobility schemes operati
Page 91: SME are usually constricted due to
Page 95 and 96: How to obtain EU publications Free
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