Report: The State of Preschool 2008: State Preschool Yearbook

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ACCESS: A TALE OF TWO TRENDS Enrollment in state-funded prekindergarten continued to increase during the 2007-2008 school year, serving 1,134,687 children in 38 states, including 1,122,478 3- and 4-year-olds. Access to state pre-K programs expanded due to the development of new initiatives in three states (Pennsylvania, Iowa, and Ohio) and increased capacity in 30 other states. As a result, enrollment increased by more than 100,000 children compared to the 2006-2007 year. Enrollment in pre-K by state is reported in Tables 2 and 3, and Head Start and special education enrollment are reported in Table 4. For the first time, in this Yearbook we calculated an unduplicated percentage of children enrolled in special education, separate from those enrolled in state pre-K and Head Start. Some of the key findings on state pre-K from the 2007-2008 school year include: • Approximately 24 percent of 4-year-olds and 4 percent of 3-year-olds were served across the country. • During the 2007-2008 school year, 32 states increased their enrollment of 4-year-olds, compared to 2006-2007 when 30 states increased enrollment. Several states made huge gains in enrollment. Alabama more than doubled its enrollment of 4-year-olds, and with the additions of new programs, Iowa increased enrollment by 348 percent and Ohio by 184 percent. • Only four states decreased enrollment of 4-year-olds, most by less than 5 percent. • Overall, enrollment for 4-year-olds increased by 11 percent and enrollment for 3-year-olds increased by 14 percent from the previous year. Since the 2001-2002 school year, enrollment for 4-year-olds has increased by 73 percent while 3-year-old enrollment has increased by 45 percent. • Oklahoma continues to serve the largest percentage of 4-year-olds at 71 percent, followed by Florida (61 percent) and Georgia (53 percent). These three states with pre-K for all continue to be the only states to serve more than half of their 4-year-olds in state pre-K. • Although the percent of 3-year-olds in state pre-K continued to climb slowly, approaching 4 percent for the first time during 2007-2008, access to state pre-K for 3-year-olds continues to lag behind. As in the previous year, only five states served more than 10 percent of their 3-year-olds outside of preschool special education. Illinois, Arkansas, Vermont, and New Jersey are the only states to serve more than 15 percent of 3-year-olds in state pre-K programs. FIGURE 1: PERCENT OF 4-YEAR-OLDS SERVED IN STATE PRE-K WA OR NV CA ID UT AZ MT WY CO NM VT NH ND MN NY WI SD MI PA IA NE OH IL IN WV VA KS MO KY NC TN OK SC AR MS AL GA LA TX FL NJ DE MD ME MA RI CT 0% of 4-year-olds served 1–10% of 4-year-olds served 11–20% of 4-year-olds served 21–30% of 4-year-olds served 31–40% of 4-year-olds served AK 41–50% of 4-year-olds served HI 51–61% of 4-year-olds served 71% of 4-year-olds served 10
QUALITY STANDARDS: MEETING GREAT EXPECTATIONS The quality of a preschool program determines how effective it is in helping children learn and develop, with consequences for later success in school and economic benefits to its community. Nevertheless, there are still many preschool education programs across the country that are of poor or mediocre quality. The establishment of specific quality standards in state-level policy helps to ensure that programs can reach higher levels of quality. Each state-funded prekindergarten program has its own quality standards and requirements in place for its classrooms. A research-based checklist of 10 quality benchmarks is used in the Yearbook to compare quality standards across the states and their prekindergarten programs. The tables below show the total number of quality benchmarks met by state pre-K programs from 2001-2002 to 2007-2008. As depicted, state pre-K programs have increased the number of quality benchmarks met over the years. A list of the benchmarks and summary of the supporting research is provided beginning on page 24. Number of State Pre-K Programs Meeting Benchmarks 2002–2008 50 40 30 20 10 37 29 30 34 35 36 20 22 24 27 27 27 27 27 11 11 11 11 11 12 41 37 33 34 46 41 37 27 14 15 0 Teacher has BA Specialized training in EC Assistant has CDA or higher At least 15 hours in-service Early Learning Standards 50 40 30 20 10 46 41 31 32 35 37 39 42 45 37 31 33 29 31 34 35 36 38 38 35 30 23 23 23 23 24 21 21 0 Class size 20 or lower Ratio 1:10 or better Screening/referral At least 1 meal Site visits ■ 2001-2002 ■ 2002-2003 ■ 2004-2005 ■ 2005-2006 ■ 2006-2007 ■ 2007-2008 It is important to note that while each benchmark is important in defining quality, they are not all equally important, and not every aspect of quality is encapsulated in these 10 benchmarks. Instead, the benchmarks are preconditions for quality, and attention should be paid to the specific benchmarks met and not just the total number. The quality benchmarks offer evidence of a state’s commitment to provide every child enrolled in a state-funded preschool program with an effective educational experience. Lastly, it is important to acknowledge that the benchmarks focus on policy requirements of the prekindergarten program rather than actual practice. Therefore some classrooms may exceed state-level policy requirements (as they represent minimum standards) or fail to meet state-level policy (if programs do not adhere to requirements). 11
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EARLY EDUCAT
Page 3 and 4: THE STATE OF PRESCHOOL 2008 STATE P
Page 5 and 6: Nebraska ..........................
Page 7 and 8: NATIONAL ACCESS Total state program
Page 9 and 10: STATE-FUNDED PRESCHOOL EDUCATION: P
Page 11: SHADOWS OF THINGS THAT MAY BE As st
Page 15 and 16: RESOURCES: HARD TIMES AHEAD? During
Page 17 and 18: TABLE 2: PRE-K ACCESS BY STATE ACCE
Page 19 and 20: TABLE 4: 2007-2008 ENROLLMENT OF 3-
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 6: RANKINGS OF PRE-K RESOURCE
Page 23 and 24: WHAT QUALIFIES AS A STATE PRESCHOOL
Page 25 and 26: The sections below provide an overv
Page 27 and 28: Early learning standards are also c
Page 29 and 30: ACCESS Total state program enrollme
Page 32 and 33: PERCENT OF STATE POPULATION ENROLLE
Page 34 and 35: NO PROGRAM laska has provided a sup
Page 52 and 53: NO PROGRAM awaii does not have a st
Page 54 and 55: NO PROGRAM ACCESS RANKINGS 4-YEAR-O
Page 58 and 59: NO PROGRAM ACCESS RANKINGS 4-YEAR-O
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IOWA SHARED VISIONS ACCESS Total st
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PERCENT OF STATE POPULATION ENROLLE
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LOUISIANA 8(g) STUDENT ENHANCEMENT
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LOUISIANA NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS EARLY C
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MAINE PUBLIC PRESCHOOL PROGRAM ACCE
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MARYLAND PREKINDERGARTEN PROGRAM AC
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MASSACHUSETTS UNIVERSAL PRE-KINDERG
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MICHIGAN SCHOOL READINESS PROGRAM A
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MINNESOTA HEAD START ACCESS Total s
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ACCESS Total state program enrollme
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MISSOURI PRESCHOOL PROJECT ACCESS T
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NEBRASKA EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
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NEVADA STATE PREKINDERGARTEN EDUCAT
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STATE OVERVIEW Total state program
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NEW JERSEY NON-ABBOTT EARLY CHILDHO
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NO PROGRAM ACCESS RANKINGS 4-YEAR-O
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OHIO EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ACCE
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PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATION ACCOUNTABILI
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PENNSYLVANIA HEAD START SUPPLEMENTA
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NO PROGRAM uring the 2007-2008 scho
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SOUTH CAROLINA HALF-DAY CHILD DEVEL
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VERMONT PREKINDERGARTEN EDUCATION -
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WISCONSIN FOUR-YEAR-OLD KINDERGARTE
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METHODOLOGY The data in this report
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In the 2008 Yearbook, we attempt to
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APPENDIX A: STATE SURVEY DATA 2007-
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STATE ACCESS Number of children in
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STATE ACCESS Are children receiving
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STATE ACCESS Program enrollment - F
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STATE OPERATING SCHEDULE Minimum op
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STATE AGE ELIGIBILITY Minimum age f
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STATE AGE ELIGIBILITY State policy
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STATE INCOME REQUIREMENT Income req
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STATE OTHER ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENT
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STATE OTHER ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENT
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STATE PROGRAM STANDARDS Maximum cla
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STATE PROGRAM STANDARDS Support ser
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STATE PROGRAM STANDARDS Support ser
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STATE PROGRAM STANDARDS Alabama 2 N
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STATE STATEWIDE EARLY LEARNING STAN
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STATE PERSONNEL Minimum teacher deg
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STATE PERSONNEL Education level of
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STATE PERSONNEL Assistant teacher i
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STATE PERSONNEL State supports for
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STATE RESOURCES State funding sourc
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STATE RESOURCES Required local fund
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STATE RESOURCES Agencies eligible t
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STATE RESOURCES Is there a percenta
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STATE RESOURCES Are per-child/per-c
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STATE RESOURCES Can a child be fund
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STATE MONITORING Information collec
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STATE MONITORING How is monitoring
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STATE MONITORING What program recor
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STATE MONITORING How is information
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STATE Alabama Yes Specific assessme
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STATE MONITORING Required kindergar
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14 Children are assessed at three d
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DELAWARE - Early Childhood Assistan
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3 Kansas began a pre-K pilot that s
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7 While not required, most programs
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19 The formula uses free lunch and
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18 Evaluation of program-level outc
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13 The state allocates the same amo
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11 Beginning in 2009-2010, assistan
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20 The Office of Early Learning (OE
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WEST VIRGINIA - West Virginia Unive
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APPENDIX B: HEAD START DATA (contin
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APPENDIX C: CHILD CARE DATA STATE I
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APPENDIX C: CHILD CARE DATA (contin
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APPENDIX C: CHILD CARE DATA (contin
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APPENDIX E: PRE-K SPECIAL EDUCATION
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ISBN 0-9749910-5-8 $59.95
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Report: The State of Preschool 2008: State Preschool Yearbook

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