Report: The State of Preschool 2008: State Preschool Yearbook

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13 The state allocates the same amount of funding for slots in Head Start and child care settings as in public schools. However, local More at Four planning committees may differentiate the funding across diverse settings based on local needs. 14 Programs in nonpublic schools must hold a four- or five-star license in order to receive More at Four funding. 15 Programs may receive 75 percent of the subsidy rate to support the More at Four instructional day. One hundred percent of the subsidy rate may be received if wraparound care is provided. OHIO – Early Childhood Education (ECE) 2007-2008 1 New ECE grants were awarded to 61 districts determined by the poverty based index. Districts that have been receiving ECE funding could not receive additional funding to serve more children. 2 Children who receive special education services are funded by state, preschool special education, IDEA, and sometimes district funding. 3 Programs operate 3-3.5 hours per day, which is half of the average school day. Most programs operate 4 days per week but there may be some variation in rural communities where transportation is an issue. Programs are required to operate 182 days per year. Programs that receive both ELI and ECE funding offer full-day, yearround services. 4 The prekindergarten cut-off date may depend upon the kindergarten eligibility date. Children are eligible for kindergarten at age 5 by either August 1 or September 30. Each district must choose one of the two cut-off dates. 5 All children and families enrolled and funded in the program must meet the income requirement. The program is free to children in families up to 100 percent FPL. Families between 101 and 200 percent FPL pay a fee based on the district’s sliding fee scale. The district may offer ECE to families above 200 percent FPL but those families are required to pay tuition as set by the district. 6 Districts may impose a higher level of requirements. At least 50 percent of teachers in Head Start administered programs must have an AA or higher or be enrolledinanAA or higher education program in ECE. By July 1, 2009, programs that began in FY 2006 must have 100 percent of their teachers holding an AA. 7 As a result of push back from the field, the teacher in-service requirement was changed from 20 hours per year to 20 hours per two years. 8 Assistant teachers receive in-service in one of four areas including child development, child abuse recognition and prevention, first aid, or prevention of communicable diseases. 9 The state has a per-child amount of $4,987. 10 Districts may contract with Head Start, child care, or ELI programs. The per-child amount that districts receive is the same for all funded children. When subcontracting, districts may choose to determine a per-child amount based upon the services the districts may offer (PD, administrative, etc.). 11 If a district operates a public prekindergarten program and a child care program, they may use both state pre-K funding and the child care subsidy for services. 12 Program quality is assessed using ELLCO as part of a formal evaluation for research purposes. 13 Get It, Got It, Go! is the state pre-K assessment. Districts can select other additional assessments. 14 Kindergarten Readiness Assessment-Literacy is reported to the state. Districts are also required to assess general health, communication, language delay, etc. OHIO – Early Learning Initiative (ELI) 2007-2008 1 Initial enrollment can occur at any point throughout the year. This number represents the average monthly enrollment. 2 A child with an IEP receiving itinerant services and whose family is eligible may be counted in ELI enrollment but this number is unknown. 3 Districts receive state funds from the Ohio DOE and in some cases use their own general revenue funds to provide services. 4 Enrollment by auspice numbers are based on the award of 12,000 slots. 5 ELI is designed to be a full-day, full-year program. Programs can provide half-day, school year services if this meets the needs of the community. Full-day is considered 100 or more hours of attendance per four-week pay cycle. Part-day is considered 55 to 99.5 hours of attendance per four-week pay cycle. 6 Families eligible for ELI services may also receive child care if the family needs services after 6 p.m. and/or during the weekend. 7 Programs may provide ELI services to a child when the child turns 3 years old, at any month of the year. 8 Each district may choose August 1 or September 30 as the cut-off date. 9 Families enter the program up to 165 percent FPL and exit the program at 185 percent FPL. However, eligibility is determined by county job and family services based on TANF requirements and Ohio Department of Job and Family Services policies. 10 Families are assessed one year after initial authorization for services and enrollment into ELI but children are assured of continuous services for a full year. Children of families who no longer qualify may be referred to early childhood programs operated by the district and/or may be provided information with child care options. 11 ELI is a TANF-funded program. As such, waivers are in place to eliminate work requirements and co-pays for families up to 165 percent FPL. 12 Programs must provide meals or snacks depending upon the hours of attendance. 13 Each program is required to have a written plan for how they will “engage families to increase their knowledge of child development, parenting skills and self-confidence.” This should include strategies to assist families who do not speak English fluently. 14 Districts may require teachers to have a BA or higher based on their policy and/or union requirements. At least 50 percent of lead teachers or teachers providing the instructional portion within ELI must have an AA degree or higher. All other teachers must be enrolled in higher education programs working towards an AA degree. 15 TANF is the primary source of funding for ELI. Programs may also use funding from Head Start, public preschool, co-pay for child care, or the USDA. The state does not collect information on funding amounts. 16 The funding for ELI is reimbursement for services for hours of attendance. Full-time programs are reimbursed $726 per child per 100 or more hours per four-week pay period. Part-time programs are reimbursed $545 for 55 to 99.5 hours per four-week pay period. Programs that operate fewer than 55 hours per four-week pay period receive an hourly reimbursement rate of $53 per child. 17 The rating system began after ELI was launched. ELI programs licensed through the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services are required to participate in the state’s quality rating system. 18 ELI programs that are licensed by the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services must apply to participate in the quality rating program. The Ohio DOE requires all ELI programs to participate in a program evaluation using the ELLCO assessment conducted by two external reviewers. 19 Learning Points Associates was contracted to perform a formal evaluation using the ELLCO to assess program quality for research purposes. The ELLCO has been used for three years. This evaluation was required for the first two years of ELI. 20 Get It, Got It, Go! is required as a pre- and post-measure for all children in programs administered by the Ohio DOE. Programs must select an evidence-based curriculum with embedded assessment to monitor child progress. OKLAHOMA – Early Childhood Four-Year-Old Program 2007-2008 1 The Four-Year-Old Program is voluntary for school districts to offer and for families to attend. The only eligibility requirement is age. 2 Oklahoma also has a Pilot Early Childhood program, a state-funded grant program for at-risk children ages 0 through 3. The DOE provides $10 million in state funds with a $15 million match from the private sector. There are 2,094 3-year-olds enrolled in the public school programs, despite the fact that there is no state funding for these children. 3 There are 1,328 3-year-olds with special needs served by the public schools but they do not receive state funding. There are also 3,846 5-year-olds receiving special education services through the public schools (this data is collected by age rather than grade level). 234
4 State, local, and federal funds affect state pre-K children because it is a public school program. 5 Even in collaboration programs, all students are considered public school enrollees and are matched with a site elementary school. They receive the same services as onsite public school students. Other settings include YMCAs, assisted living centers, and university child development centers. Program settings are based on an enrollment total of 34,756. 6 Programs have the option of operating a half-day (2.5 instructional hours per day) or a full-day (6 instructional hours per day) program. Districts may choose to offer a longer day, but will not receive additional state funds through the state aid formula for doing so. Programs must be offered at least 175 days/year. 7 Children who are 5 years old may attend the prekindergarten program and children who are 4 or 6 years old may attend kindergarten. However, the funding that a district receives differs based on the child’s age. Retention, delayed entry, and promotion are handled locally. Districts may choose to accept children younger than age 4 but will not receive state aid funding for these children. 8 At least one meal is provided through the federal Child Nutrition Program. The federal government does not provide snacks for students, so snacks are determined locally. 9 All children are required to be screened through the pre-K screener to determine if they are English Language Learners. A home language survey is distributed to all families. Federal law requires information to be presented to parents in their primary language, as well as language screening for eligibility of bilingual education services. 10 Other support services include mental health services (counselor), health services (school nurse), and all other typical public school program services, such as early intervention, transition programs, and literacy coaches. 11 Assistant teachers must meet federal requirements to be highly qualified under NCLB. They must have an AA, 48 hours of college credit, paraprofessional certification, or pass a teacher general education test, which is required for all pre-K–12 public school teachers. 12 There is no state mandate on the professional development of assistant teachers in general education classrooms. However, many paraprofessionals participate in professional development opportunities with the lead teacher. Paraprofessionals in special education classrooms are required to complete training to be in compliance with state and federal regulations. 13 State law requires equivalent salary and benefits for on-site public school teachers and for teachers in nonpublic settings. The minimum starting pay for a teacher with a BA is $31,600. 14 The salary for an assistant teacher is a local district decision. 15 Scholarships are offered to pre-service teachers in shortage areas. Federal loan forgiveness in Title I schools, state scholarships for National Board Certification, and a federal master teacher program are also available. The Department of Human Services offers a STARS program scholarship to teachers in the child care industry wanting to further their education. The Career Development Program for Paraprofessionals to become a certified teacher is a new opportunity for assistant teachers in the public schools system for at least one year who have a BA from an accredited college and have taken necessary certificate exams. 16 The 2008 state per-pupil expenditure was $7,484. Of the total education expenditures, 53 percent is state funding, 13 percent is federal funding, and 34 percent is local funding. 17 The funding for pre-K comes from the state aid formula, as pre-K in Oklahoma is regarded as another grade level. 18 Collaboration with nonpublic agencies is not required, but is encouraged. 19 Districts typically choose a three-star facility, although this is not articulated by state policy. OREGON – Oregon Head Start Prekindergarten 2007-2008 1 Children receiving special education use IDEA funding to support their IFSPs and also receive all state pre-K comprehensive services that other children receive. 2 Other settings include higher education, community colleges, and government agencies. 3 Programs operate 3 to 4 days per week. 4 Thirty-five percent of children enrolled may be from families whose incomes are between 100 percent and 130 percent FPL after meeting the needs of children at or below 100 percent FPL. 5 If a grantee has both federal Head Start and state pre-K funding, 90 percent of children must meet the income requirement. If a grantee only has state pre-K funding, 80 percent must meet the income requirement. At least 10 percent of total enrollment must be for children with disabilities and they do not need to meet the income requirement. 6 Programs are required to offer meals and snacks that provide at least one-third of the child’s daily nutritional needs. In addition to lunches for all children, morning programs offer breakfast to all children, and afternoon programs offer snacks to all children. 7 If 50 percent or more of children speak a language other than English, programs must ensure that all non-English speaking children are provided language support as needed, including translators and/or bilingual staff. 8 During the 2008-2009 program year, a statewide implementation plan for training and disseminating of the Early Childhood Foundations will take place. 9 In nonpublic school settings, half of teachers must have at least an AA or higher degree in ECE or a related degree with a minimum of 15 ECE college credits. Requirements for public school teachers do not apply to classrooms run by agencies other than public schools, even if located in public schools. All teachers must have at least an AA by the year 2011. 10 The average annual teacher salary in the state pre-K program is $22,730, which includes salaries of teachers in public schools and nonpublic schools. 11 TANF funds can be used to extend the day and year for Head Start pre-K services to support working parents. 12 Monitoring information is also collected through annual submission of monitoring reports by the Region X Office of Head Start and review of annual continuation grants. 13 Programs are required to use a developmentally appropriate assessment determined by the local grantee. The majority of the programs use the Creative Curriculum Developmental Continuum and some programs use the Galileo Assessment. PENNSYLVANIA – Education Accountability Block Grant (EABG) 2007-2008 1 The Office of Child Development and Early Learning (OCDEL) administers the early childhood work from both the Departments of Education and Public Welfare. The EABG is funded through the DOE. 2 Districts may choose from a menu of options for their EABG allocation, one of which is prekindergarten. 3 IDEA Part B or other resources can be used in conjunction with EABG funds. 4 This is a school district-administered program resource for prekindergarten. Although all students are funded through school districts, some of these district-sponsored programs may be in partnership with Head Start or child care where the other agency is the lead. Numbers of children served in such programs are not available. 5 Most programs operate either 2.5 or 5 hours per day for 180 days per year. 6 Wrap-around services may be offered by some districts, but are not required. 7 The district determines the eligibility requirements. 8 Meals are recommended, but not required. 9 Supports for English Language Learners should be reflective of K–12 practice. 10 Publishers of assessments have cross-walked their instruments to the standards. EABG guidance states that programs must use assessments that are linked to the standards. 235
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EARLY EDUCAT
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THE STATE OF PRESCHOOL 2008 STATE P
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Nebraska ..........................
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NATIONAL ACCESS Total state program
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STATE-FUNDED PRESCHOOL EDUCATION: P
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SHADOWS OF THINGS THAT MAY BE As st
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QUALITY STANDARDS: MEETING GREAT EX
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RESOURCES: HARD TIMES AHEAD? During
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TABLE 2: PRE-K ACCESS BY STATE ACCE
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TABLE 4: 2007-2008 ENROLLMENT OF 3-
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TABLE 6: RANKINGS OF PRE-K RESOURCE
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WHAT QUALIFIES AS A STATE PRESCHOOL
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The sections below provide an overv
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Early learning standards are also c
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ACCESS Total state program enrollme
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PERCENT OF STATE POPULATION ENROLLE
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NO PROGRAM laska has provided a sup
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NO PROGRAM awaii does not have a st
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NO PROGRAM ACCESS RANKINGS 4-YEAR-O
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IOWA SHARED VISIONS ACCESS Total st
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LOUISIANA 8(g) STUDENT ENHANCEMENT
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LOUISIANA NONPUBLIC SCHOOLS EARLY C
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MAINE PUBLIC PRESCHOOL PROGRAM ACCE
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MARYLAND PREKINDERGARTEN PROGRAM AC
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MASSACHUSETTS UNIVERSAL PRE-KINDERG
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MICHIGAN SCHOOL READINESS PROGRAM A
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MINNESOTA HEAD START ACCESS Total s
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MISSOURI PRESCHOOL PROJECT ACCESS T
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NEBRASKA EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
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NEVADA STATE PREKINDERGARTEN EDUCAT
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STATE OVERVIEW Total state program
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OHIO EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ACCE
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PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATION ACCOUNTABILI
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PENNSYLVANIA HEAD START SUPPLEMENTA
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NO PROGRAM uring the 2007-2008 scho
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SOUTH CAROLINA HALF-DAY CHILD DEVEL
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VERMONT PREKINDERGARTEN EDUCATION -
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WISCONSIN FOUR-YEAR-OLD KINDERGARTE
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METHODOLOGY The data in this report
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In the 2008 Yearbook, we attempt to
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APPENDIX A: STATE SURVEY DATA 2007-
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STATE ACCESS Number of children in
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STATE ACCESS Are children receiving
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STATE ACCESS Program enrollment - F
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STATE OPERATING SCHEDULE Minimum op
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STATE AGE ELIGIBILITY Minimum age f
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STATE AGE ELIGIBILITY State policy
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STATE INCOME REQUIREMENT Income req
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STATE OTHER ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENT
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STATE OTHER ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENT
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STATE PROGRAM STANDARDS Maximum cla
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STATE PROGRAM STANDARDS Support ser
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STATE PROGRAM STANDARDS Support ser
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STATE PROGRAM STANDARDS Alabama 2 N
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Page 220 and 221: STATE Alabama Yes Specific assessme
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Page 254: ISBN 0-9749910-5-8 $59.95
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Report: The State of Preschool 2008: State Preschool Yearbook

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