Annual Report 2006 - Plataforma Solar de AlmerÃa

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PLATAFORMA SOLAR DE ALMERÍA Figure 2.6 Simplified diagram of the PSA DISS plant Facility operation is highly flexible and can work at up to 100 bar pressure as needed (usually at 30, 60 or 100 bar) and in any of the three basic direct steam generation modes: Recirculation, Injection and Once-Through, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, it is equipped with all the instrumentation required for complete system monitoring. Figure 2.6 shows a simplified diagram of the DISS loop in which the solar field is shown as one row of 13 parabolic-trough collectors on north-southoriented rotating axes. The collectors are composed of 12-m-long by 5.76-m-wide reflective parabolic-trough modules. The solar field consists of two parts, the preheating/evaporating section and the superheating section. At the end of the preheating/evaporating section, there is a recirculation pump and a water/steam separator which augments flexibility of system operation. The power block consists of water/steam separators, condensers, chemical dosing system, preheaters, deaerators and water pumps. One of the most important characteristics of the DISS plant is the possibility of measuring the thermal gradient in the cross sections of the parabolictrough solar collector absorber tubes. 2.3.2 The LS-3 (HTF) Test Loop The LS-3 test loop, also called the HTF test loop, which was erected in 1997, is an ideal facility for evaluating parabolic-trough collector components under real solar energy operating conditions. Mirrors, absorber tubes, solar tracking systems, etc., can be installed and evaluated in this facility, which is appropriately instrumented for measurement and monitoring. The original facility consisted of a closed thermal-oil circuit connected to a solar collector made up of four 12-m-long by 5.7-m-wide LS-3 parabolictrough modules with a 274-m 2 collecting surface. The thermal oil used in this facility (Syltherm 800) has a maximum working temperature of 420ºC, and a freezing point of –40ºC. The east-west rotating axis of the solar collector increases the number of hours per year in which the angle of incidence of the solar radiation is less than 5º. The facility’s oil circuit, which has a maximum working pressure of 16 bar, is made up of the following elements: 20
FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS Figure 2.7 General view of the HTF • 1-m 3 -capacity oil expansion tank, with automatic nitrogen inertization • Oil circuit sump tank • Mechanical-draft oil cooler, with air speed control and 400-kW maximum cooling. • Centrifugal oil pump, with a flow rate of up to 8.3 liters per second • 40-kW, 3 x 380 V electric oil heater. Parallel to the original HTF test loop solar collector is the EUROtrough collector prototype which was installed later. The EUROtrough collector design was developed by a European consortium which, with the financial aid of the European Commission, designed, built and erected it at the PSA and evaluated it under real conditions. The new parabolic-trough collector is not only apt for solar thermal power plants, but also for other large applications, such as desalination of seawater or industrial process heat in the 150ºC-425ºC range. At the conclusion of the EUROtrough project, the project partners donated this first prototype to CIEMAT for its operation and maintenance, and it now forms part of the PSA parabolic-trough collector facilities, increasing the system’s collecting area has to 685 m 2 . 2.4 Dish/Stirling Systems: DISTAL and EUROdish 2.4.1 Principles A dish/Stirling system consists of a wide-diameter parabolic mirror with a Stirling-type external combustion motor installed in its focal area. The parabolic dish-mirror continuously tracks the sun, so that the sun’s rays are reflected onto its focal plane, obtaining a Gaussian-shape concentrated solar energy map and several tens of kW. The Stirling motor is an external combustion motor that employs the thermodynamic cycle of the same name and that has two advantages that make it appropriate for this application: Combustion is external, that is, the energy contribution from sunlight is collected by the parabolic dish and concentrated on its focal zone in a highperformance thermodynamic cycle. An alternator is connected to the Stirling motor so that the light energy can be transformed into electricity or delivered to a nearby application for direct consumption right in the same block at the focus of the concentrating dish. 21
Page 1 and 2: Annual Report 2006
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents
Page 5 and 6: MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR A message
Page 7 and 8: GENERAL PRESENTATION 1 General Pres
Page 9 and 10: GENERAL PRESENTATION 1.3 Human and
Page 11 and 12: GENERAL PRESENTATION Figure 1.5 Par
Page 13 and 14: GENERAL PRESENTATION 1.5 Training a
Page 15 and 16: FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 2 Faci
Page 17 and 18: FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS nomina
Page 19: FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 2.3 Li
Page 23 and 24: FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 2.4.4
Page 25 and 26: FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 2.5.5
Page 27 and 28: FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS Figure
Page 29 and 30: FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS Figure
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ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR
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EVENTS Figure 5.1 Logo designed for
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EVENTS The DLR (German Aerospace Ce
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EVENTS Up to now the fair has been
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ACRONYMS 6 List of Acronyms AMES AO
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ACRONYMS SolLab SSPS TCE TOC UAB UA
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Annual Report 2006 - Plataforma Solar de AlmerÃ­a

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Annual Report 2006 - Plataforma Solar de AlmerÃa