Annual Report 2006 - Plataforma Solar de AlmerÃa

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PLATAFORMA SOLAR DE ALMERÍA Funding: 6 th FP. Global Change and Ecosystems.; 2.750 k€. CIEMAT Budget: 350 K€. Duration: November 2006 – October 2009 Motivation: Granulated aerobic biomass, combination of advanced oxidation processes and biological treatment and integration of membrane processes are all considered high-potential innovations for development of industrial process wastewater treatment. These technologies will be applied to different industrial effluents (lixiviates, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, paper industry, etc.). Purposes: (i) Study and increase the performance of promising options for industrial wastewater treatment, such as, e.g., aerobic granulation, membrane contactors and chemical membrane reactors. (ii) Advance in both fundamental knowledge and technology. (iii) Evaluate economic and ecological sustainability of these technology options. (iv) Develop integrated solutions tailored to the requirements of the final user, valid in different industrial sectors and favoring their implementation to increase competitiveness in the EU water industry. (v) Transfer the knowledge developed to potentially interested final users inside and outside the scope of the project. Project organization is shown in Figure 4.5. The scientific research and technological development tasks are concentrated in Work Packages WP1, WP2 and WP3. These work packages are complemented by life-cycle and lifetime cost analyses, the results of which should be solutions designed for concrete cases of waste water in different sectors of industry. This work will be done in Work Package WP4. Two additional work packages (WP5 and WP6) complete the project. The CIEMAT-PSA is the coordinator of WP2. The research task of the CIEMAT-PSA concentrates on widening the existing knowledge on combining the solar photo-Fenton process with biological treatments. It is intended for treatment of waste water severely polluted by pesticides, formulation agents and industrial pharmaceutical waste, increasing knowledge of how the structure of the pollutant affects the evolution of severe toxicity Figure 4.5 INNOWATECH project structure 78
ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY and biodegradability of the effluent, new automation methods and process control, and evaluating the influence of effluent salinity. Objectives achieved in 2006: The project began in November 2006, and has not yet generated relevant results. 4.2.5 SODISWATER Solar disinfection of drinking water for developing countries or emergency situations. http://www.rcsi.ie/sodis/ Participants: RCSI (Coord., IR), UU (UK), CSIR (S. Africa), EAWAG (CH), IWSD (Zimb.), CIEMAT-PSA (ES), Ul (UK), ICROSS (Kenya), USC (E). Contact: Dr. Kevin McGuigan, kmcguigan@rcsi.ie Dr. Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez, pilar.fernandez@psa.es Funding: EC, 6 th FP. Specific measures in support of international co-operation “INCO”. 1,900 k€. CIEMAT Budget: 350 K€. Duration: September 2006 – August 2009 Motivation: The main purpose of this Project is to demonstrate that the SO- DIS technology (“Solar Disinfection) for solar-only disinfection of drinking water is an effective tool against diseases communicated by domestic water (in developing countries) and as an aid in natural disasters. Solar disinfection is a water depollution technique that commonly uses transparent plastic bottles full of water exposed to direct solar radiation for 6-8 hours. This process reduces the levels of fecal contamination of 1 million bacteria per ml to zero in less than 1.5 hours and is completely effective in treatment of pathogens responsible for such diseases as cholera, dysentery, typhus, giardiasis, salmonellosis, gastroenteritis and poliomyelitis. The only clinical test to date for this technology, carried out in a community in Kenya, has demonstrated that children under 5 years of age who drank SODIS-treated water were 7 times less likely to contract cholera than those who did not. There are no limitations to SODIS applications in high solar radiation areas (e.g. Africa), and its cost is practically nil as the only material required is transparent plastic bottles. Purpose: The project is basically focused on Sub-Saharan Africa. Its strategic objectives are the following: • Demonstrate SODIS as a suitable and effective technique for making contaminated water fit for human consumption in small communities in developing countries that do not have easy access to “safe water”. Its application is equally effective in natural catastrophes or accidents that place access to drinking water in jeopardy. • Test and evaluate strategies for changing behavior and spreading information about SODIS as a drinking water treatment technique in zones with different sociocultural profiles. • Communicate the results of project research through international aid organizations (to developing countries and victims of catastrophes) so SODIS is recommended as a quality measure for intervention meeting water treatment standards (e.g., filtration, chlorination, desalination, etc.). • Development of a series of technological improvements in the SODIS process, based on the use of ultraviolet disinfection dose indicators, solar-radiation activated photocatalysts and solar collector modules (CPCs). to be used depending on socio-economic conditions 79
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Annual Report 2006
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents
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MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR A message
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GENERAL PRESENTATION 1 General Pres
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GENERAL PRESENTATION 1.3 Human and
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GENERAL PRESENTATION Figure 1.5 Par
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GENERAL PRESENTATION 1.5 Training a
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FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 2 Faci
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FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS nomina
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FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 2.3 Li
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FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS Figure
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FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 2.4.4
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FACILITIES AND INSTALLATIONS 2.5.5
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Page 71 and 72: ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR
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Page 105 and 106: EVENTS Figure 5.1 Logo designed for
Page 107 and 108: EVENTS The DLR (German Aerospace Ce
Page 109 and 110: EVENTS Up to now the fair has been
Page 111 and 112: ACRONYMS 6 List of Acronyms AMES AO
Page 113 and 114: ACRONYMS SolLab SSPS TCE TOC UAB UA
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Annual Report 2006 - Plataforma Solar de AlmerÃa