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the file; --force-confnew will use the new version of the file (these choices are respected, even if the file has not been changed by the administrator, which only rarely has the desired effect). Adding the --force-confdef option tells dpkg to use the default option when a choice is offered (in other words, when the original configuration file has not been touched), and only uses --force-confnew or --force-confold for other cases. These options apply to dpkg, but most of the time the administrator will work directly with the aptitude or apt-get programs. It is, thus, necessary to know the syntax used to indicate the options to pass to the dpkg command (their command line interfaces are very similar). # apt-get -o DPkg::Options::="--force-confdef" -o DPkg::options ➥ ::="--force-confold" dist-upgrade These options can be stored directly in the configuration for the apt program, rather than specified them each time on the command line. To do so, simply write the following line in the /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/local file: DPkg::Options { "--force-confdef"; "--force-confold"; } Including this option in the configuration file will allow it to also be used in a graphical interface such as aptitude. GOING FURTHER Force dpkg to ask configuration file questions The option, --force-confask requires dpkg to display the questions about the configuration files, even in cases where they would not normally be necessary. Thus, when reinstalling a package with this option, dpkg will ask the questions again for all of the configuration files modified by the administrator. This is very convenient, especially for reinstalling the original configuration file if it has been deleted and no other copy is available: a normal re-installation won't work, because dpkg considers removal as a form of legitimate modification, and, thus, doesn't install the desired configuration file. 5.3. Structure of a Source Package 5.3.1. Format A source package is usually comprised of three files, a .dsc, a .orig.tar.gz, and a .debian. tar.gz or .diff.gz. They allow creation of binary packages (.deb files described above) for the program(s) from their source code, written in a programming language. The .dsc (Debian Source Control) file is a short text file containing an RFC 2822 header (just like the control file studied in Section 5.2.1, “Description: the control File” (page 78)) which describes the source package and indicates which other files are part thereof. It is signed by its maintainer, which guarantees authenticity. See Section 6.5, “Checking Package Authenticity” (page 119) for further details on this subject. 88 The Debian Administrator's Handbook
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 Format: 3.0 (quilt) Source: zim Binary: zim Architecture: all Version: 0.48-1 Maintainer: Emfox Zhou Uploaders: Raphaël Hertzog Homepage: http://zim-wiki.org Standards-Version: 3.9.0 Vcs-Browser: http://svn.debian.org/wsvn/collab-maint/deb-maint/zim/trunk?op= ➥ log Vcs-Svn: svn://svn.debian.org/collab-maint/deb-maint/zim/trunk Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 7.4.12), python-support (>= 0.8), xdg-utils, ➥ python (>= 2.5), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.6), python-gtk2, python-xdg, python- ➥ simplejson | python (>= 2.6) Checksums-Sha1: bd84fa5104de5ed85a49723d26b350856de93217 966899 zim_0.48.orig.tar.gz 352111ff372a20579664416c9abd4970839835b3 9615 zim_0.48-1.debian.tar.gz Checksums-Sha256: 77d8df7dc89b233fdc3aab1a8ad959c6888881ae160770f50bf880a56e02f895 966899 ➥ zim_0.48.orig.tar.gz 0fceab5d3b099075cd38c225fa4002d893c1cdf4bbcc51d1391a34248e1e1a22 9615 zim_0 ➥ .48-1.debian.tar.gz Files: 88cfc18c0c7339528d5f5f463647bb5f 966899 zim_0.48.orig.tar.gz 608b6e74aa14252dfc6236ab184bdb0c 9615 zim_0.48-1.debian.tar.gz -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Signed by Raphael Hertzog iQEcBAEBCAAGBQJMSUAfAAoJEAOIHavrwpq5qjUIAKmM8p86GcHYTxMmKENoBUoW UPi5R7DzrLMbFrUXKgXWLvEKQTXpmkJhh2aSWq2iY+5piBSHwMiITfaBTpdTRvzU 5nT/n9MlF8sJFESet/NgZaMPFDzWUbIy5aYbuG1TXmn/7XiDrBaQGiVqKkVLPrqc yWhsotn3JNKIjbPDW/DjImYyKD5RZpXrbVjuIgDT1E6yxtNYwUyBlK0cx/GITNep uV48hsT8cj0paqVXl5+P9Ww8XIE3clxNpE/45/tvKvkqGOeysc6OPAqsIw6HYFY9 Chapter 5 — Packaging System: Tools and Fundamental Principles 89
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The Debian Administrator's Handbook
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3.1.3 Integration with Other Linux/
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6.5 Checking Package Authenticity .
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9.4.1 Administrating On a Web Inter
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11.5 Seing Up Windows Shares with S
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14.2 Firewall or Packet Filtering .
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B.2.2 The User's Home Directory . .
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Foreword Linux has been garnering s
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Book Structure Following the struct
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While we were obviously satisfied w
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Tobias Gruetzmacher, Tournier Simon
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Keywords Objective Means Operation
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1.1. What Is Debian? CULTURE Origin
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TOOL Installer debian-installer is
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COMMUNITY Upstream author, or Debia
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➨ http://www.opensource.org/licen
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1.3.1. The Debian Developers Debian
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with the changelog.gz file (or equi
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were only lile challenges at the be
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can always fine-tune these paramete
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PERSPECTIVE Debian for multimedia A
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Each specific service has its own s
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tool. Whether used in graphical or
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Figure 1.2 Compilation of a package
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their work. The next step is the in
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28 The Debian Administrator's Handb
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Keywords Falcot Corp SMB Strong Gro
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We have envisioned this case study
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Several factors have dictated this
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• A survey of several French serv
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Page 67 and 68: Figure 3.1 Coexistence of Debian wi
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Page 71 and 72: HARDWARE Next-generation PC Most re
Page 74 and 75: Keywords Installation Partitioning
Page 76 and 77: BACK TO BASICS A catch-up course in
Page 78 and 79: copy the previously downloaded ISO
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Page 82 and 83: Figure 4.3 Selecting the country 4.
Page 84 and 85: 4.2.9. Configuring the Clock If the
Page 86 and 87: (swap) will be stored. This task is
Page 88 and 89: Figure 4.9 Guided partitioning The
Page 90 and 91: IN PRACTICE Shrinking a Windows par
Page 92 and 93: “Create a volume group”, to whi
Page 94 and 95: Figure 4.12 Selecting a Debian mirr
Page 96 and 97: accessible from the boot menu. You
Page 98: TIP Debian thinks of speakers of no
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Page 103 and 104: Chapter 7, Solving Problems and Fin
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Page 107 and 108: 5.2.1.2. Conflicts: the Conflicts f
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.1 Use of a Provides field
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Page 113: postinst and similar scripts. But t
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Page 121 and 122: which the file comes; --status pack
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Page 125 and 126: handles other packaging formats, es
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Page 129 and 130: The syntax of the last field depend
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Page 133 and 134: 6.2.1. Initialization For any work
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Page 141 and 142: 6.4. Frontends: aptitude, synaptic
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Page 147 and 148: “Authentication” tab in the Sei
Page 149 and 150: compiled by the package maintainers
Page 151 and 152: Figure 6.3 Upgrading with update-ma
Page 153 and 154: IN PRACTICE The Falcot Corp case Fa
Page 155 and 156: purpose is editing. Browsing this c
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Page 159 and 160: Man pages not only document program
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7.2.3. Asking for Help on a Mailing
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Keywords Configuration Localization
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This chapter reviews everything inc
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The questions are relevant to the p
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to 1 Gb/s). The most widely used ca
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A connection by telephone modem req
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Network Manager knows how to handle
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TIP Bypassing DNS Since application
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8.4.3. Modifying an Existing Accoun
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The creation of an account populate
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8.7. Printer Configuration Printer
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Configuration of the bootloader mus
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oot=/dev/sda # the partition that c
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kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 init
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The timezone, configured during ini
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GOING FURTHER GPS modules and other
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A complete list of known filesystem
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8.10.1. Introduction and Prerequisi
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the choices saved in the .config fi
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$ ls ../*.deb ../linux-image-2.6.32
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This requires, however, that lilo b
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Chapter Unix Services 9 Contents Sy
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• checking the integrity of files
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By default, Debian uses four differ
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BACK TO BASICS Client, server A sys
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that requires frequent connections
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For any connection established on t
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When the VNC session is closed, rem
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There are two ways of presenting ri
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Webmin is used through a web interf
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• news: Usenet subsystem message
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9.6. The inetd Super-Server Inetd (
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SECURITY Restricting cron or atd Yo
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# Restart the IRC proxy after each
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update the quotas in the absence of
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of backups can be kept in a small a
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The Falcot Corp administrators are
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• ACTION: the action correspondin
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ATTRS{rev}==" " ATTRS{state}=="runn
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ATTENTION Graphics card and standby
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Chapter Network10 Infrastructure Co
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sent through to the masqueraded con
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CULTURE SSL and TLS The SSL protoco
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crt for the public certificate, key
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10.2.1.2. Configuring the OpenVPN S
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fast. Installing an IKE daemon (for
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pptpd is the PPTP server for Linux.
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## some defaults nodefaultroute pro
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GOING FURTHER Optimal configuration
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# (/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/acce
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so that a security vulnerability in
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Example 10.12 Excerpt of /etc/bind/
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} option broadcast-address 192.168.
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10.8.2. Remote Diagnosis: nmap nmap
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The packet currently displayed was
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Chapter 11 Network Services: Postfi
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the ISP's SMTP server, which is alw
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alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
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virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/vh
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The last two rules reject any messa
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The reject_unlisted_recipient rule
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failed messages later), especially
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# Unfiltered addresses postmaster@f
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Note that the SASL database was cre
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Apache is a modular server, and man
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# New log format including (virtual
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11.2.3.2. Restricting Access The Al
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➨ http://www.falcot.com/cgi-bin/a
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RPC services register to a director
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option, which disables this behavio
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The package also proposes identifyi
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1 5 Specifies the character set and
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username = user password = password
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11.6.3. Configuring a Filter squid
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objectClass: dcObject objectClass:
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Question Answer LDAP server Uniform
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and so on). The answer to the “co
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go into deeper detail for some conc
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Chapter Advanced12 Administration C
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CULTURE Independent or inexpensive?
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RAID-5 RAID-5 addresses the asymmet
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Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Bl
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there will be a synchronization pha
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[...] Update Time : Thu Sep 30 15:5
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Fortunately, these lines can be gen
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# pvdisplay "/dev/sdb2" is a new ph
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Allocation inherit Read ahead secto
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# cat /etc/fstab [...] /dev/vg_crit
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[...] # df -h /srv/base/ Filesystem
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• The remaining partitions, sda7
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that gets started) is known as dom0
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or Mandriva). Other methods include
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# xm list Name ID Mem VCPUs State T
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known as control groups, by which d
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into a separate switch, with the co
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done. INIT: Entering runlevel: 3 St
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12.2.3.2. Network Configuration Jus
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is accessible from all interfaces;
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We will only give a rough overview
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• from the network; preseeding th
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12.3.3. Simple-CDD: The All-In-One
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12.4. Monitoring Monitoring is a ge
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Finally, when a plugin is invoked w
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According to its type, each object
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check_command } define service{ use
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Keywords Workstation Graphical desk
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13.1. Configuring the X11 Server Th
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oth versions are available in Squee
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contains commented examples. Last,
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Figure 13.2 The KDE desktop Since t
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Evolution is the GNOME email client
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Strictly speaking, Debian Squeeze c
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The next versions of these applicat
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13.4.4.3. Collaborative Work With F
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The Windows partition must first be
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Chapter Security14 Contents Definin
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ut the other elements should also b
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• INPUT: concerns packets whose d
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Other actions, particularly those c
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Figure 14.2 Fwbuilder's main window
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• those that qualify a message as
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14.3.3.1. Auditing Packages: debsum
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The chkrootkit and rkhunter package
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Figure 14.3 Security contexts and U
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The aptitude install selinux-basics
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# semanage login -a -s user_u rhert
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# myapp executable will have: # lab
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GOING FURTHER The m4 macro language
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Message avc:denied { read write } p
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➨ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQ
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features imply a increased risk of
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confronted with these unfortunate c
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sure of actually fixing it; otherwi
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(...) ** 2004-11-29-19:50:49: DCC S
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Chapter Creating a Debian15 Package
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editor shows us that dch really did
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15.2. Building your First Package 1
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particular case, library, is useful
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The interpretation of such a rule i
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ALTERNATIVE apt-ftparchive If mini-
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a huge problem as soon as the error
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EXTRA Lightweight process for “De
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not yet gone through the new mainta
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Chapter Debian's16 Conclusion: Futu
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16.3. Future of this Book We would
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These objectives necessarily involv
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A.7. Damn Small Linux This distribu
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$ pwd /home/rhertzog $ cd Desktop $
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tmpfs 514208 269136 245072 53% /dev
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B.3.1. The Deepest Layer: the Hardw
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B.4. Some Tasks Handled by the Kern
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B.4.3. Shared Functions Since a num
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comes back when the execution of th
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• the standard C library (glibc),
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alternative, 356 am-utils, 173 aman
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Collins, Ben, 12 command line inter
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edquota, 209 eGroupware, 366 EHLO,
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in-addr.arpa, 241 Includes, Apache
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lspci, 444 lspcmcia, 444 lsusb, 444
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hardware acceleration, 190 openswan
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ead, right, 196 README.Debian, 11,
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suite, office, 368 super-server, 20
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Z Zabbix, 343 Zacchiroli, Stefano,
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