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information it contains; SiteDomain and HostAliases list the various names under which the main web site is known. For high traffic sites, DNSLookup should usually not be set to 1; for smaller sites, such as the Falcot one described above, this setting allows getting more readable reports that include full machine names instead of raw IP addresses. SECURITY Access to statistics AWStats makes its statistics available on the website with no restrictions by default, but restrictions can be set up so that only a few (probably internal) IP addresses can access them; the list of allowed IP addresses needs to be defined in the AllowAccessFromWebToFollowingIPAddresses parameter AWStats will also be enabled for other virtual hosts; each virtual host needs its own configuration file, such as /etc/awstats/awstats.www.falcot.org.conf. Include "/etc/awstats/awstats.conf" SiteDomain="www.falcot.org" HostAliases="falcot.org" Example 11.21 AWStats configuration file for a virtual host This will only work if the /etc/awstats/awstats.conf file does not contain any Include directive, since AWStats cannot handle multi-level inclusions; unfortunately, the default file provided by Debian does contain such a directive. To have this new virtual host taken into account, the /etc/cron.d/awstats needs to be edited to add an invocation such as the following: /usr/lib/cgi-bin/awstats.pl -config=www. falcot.org -update 0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * * www-data [ -x /usr/lib/cgi-bin/awstats.pl -a -f /etc ➥ /awstats/awstats.conf -a -r /var/log/apache2/access.log ] && /usr/lib/ ➥ cgi-bin/awstats.pl -config=awstats -update >/dev/null && /usr/lib/cgi- ➥ bin/awstats.pl -config=www.falcot.org -update >/dev/null Example 11.22 The /etc/cron.d/awstats file AWStats uses many icons stored in the /usr/share/awstats/icon/ directory. In order for these icons to be available on the web site, the Apache configuration needs to be adapted to include the following directive: Alias /awstats-icon/ /usr/share/awstats/icon/ After a few minutes (and once the script has been run a few times), the results are available online: 274 The Debian Administrator's Handbook
➨ http://www.falcot.com/cgi-bin/awstats.pl ➨ http://www.falcot.org/cgi-bin/awstats.pl CAUTION Log file rotation In order for the statistics to take all the logs into account, AWStats needs to be run right before the Apache log files are rotated. This can be achieved by adding a prerotate directive to the /etc/logrotate.d/apache2 file: /var/log/apache2/*.log { } weekly missingok rotate 52 compress delaycompress notifempty create 644 root adm sharedscripts prerotate su - www-data -c "/usr/lib/cgi-bin/awstats.pl -config=awstats ➥ -update > /dev/null" su - www-data -c "/usr/lib/cgi-bin/awstats.pl -config=www. ➥ falcot.org -update > /dev/null" endscript postrotate if [ -f /var/run/apache2.pid ]; then fi /etc/init.d/apache2 restart > /dev/null endscript Note also that the log files created by logrotate need to be readable by everyone, especially AWStats. In the above example, this is ensured by the create 644 root adm line. 11.3. FTP File Server FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the first protocols of the Internet (RFC 959 was issued in 1985!). It was used to distribute files before the Web was even born (the HTTP protocol was created in 1990, and formally defined in its 1.0 version by RFC 1945, issued in 1996). This protocol allows both file uploads and file downloads; for this reason, it is still widely used to deploy updates to a website hosted by one's Internet service provider (or any other entity hosting websites). In these cases, secure access is enforced with a user identifier and password; on successful authentication, the FTP server grants read-write access to that user's home directory. Other FTP servers are mainly used to distribute files for public downloading; Debian packages are a good example. The contents of these servers is fetched from other, geographically remote, servers; it is then made available to less distant users. This means that client authentication is not required; as a consequence, this operating mode is known as “anonymous FTP”. To be Chapter 11 — Network Services: Postfix, Apache, NFS, Samba, Squid, LDAP 275
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The Debian Administrator's Handbook
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3.1.3 Integration with Other Linux/
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6.5 Checking Package Authenticity .
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9.4.1 Administrating On a Web Inter
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11.5 Seing Up Windows Shares with S
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14.2 Firewall or Packet Filtering .
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B.2.2 The User's Home Directory . .
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Foreword Linux has been garnering s
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Book Structure Following the struct
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While we were obviously satisfied w
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Tobias Gruetzmacher, Tournier Simon
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Keywords Objective Means Operation
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1.1. What Is Debian? CULTURE Origin
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TOOL Installer debian-installer is
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COMMUNITY Upstream author, or Debia
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➨ http://www.opensource.org/licen
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1.3.1. The Debian Developers Debian
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with the changelog.gz file (or equi
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were only lile challenges at the be
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can always fine-tune these paramete
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PERSPECTIVE Debian for multimedia A
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Each specific service has its own s
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tool. Whether used in graphical or
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Figure 1.2 Compilation of a package
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their work. The next step is the in
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28 The Debian Administrator's Handb
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Keywords Falcot Corp SMB Strong Gro
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We have envisioned this case study
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Several factors have dictated this
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• A survey of several French serv
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Chapter Analyzing the Existing Setu
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Figure 3.1 Coexistence of Debian wi
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Figure 3.2 Database backups Each se
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HARDWARE Next-generation PC Most re
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Keywords Installation Partitioning
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BACK TO BASICS A catch-up course in
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copy the previously downloaded ISO
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of the two, and GRUB, a more modern
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Figure 4.3 Selecting the country 4.
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4.2.9. Configuring the Clock If the
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(swap) will be stored. This task is
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Figure 4.9 Guided partitioning The
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IN PRACTICE Shrinking a Windows par
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“Create a volume group”, to whi
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Figure 4.12 Selecting a Debian mirr
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accessible from the boot menu. You
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TIP Debian thinks of speakers of no
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Chapter Packaging System: Tools and
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Chapter 7, Solving Problems and Fin
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SHA1: 350a8a7a43fe182d54f3b7d73b803
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5.2.1.2. Conflicts: the Conflicts f
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Figure 5.1 Use of a Provides field
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name. This directory also includes
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postinst and similar scripts. But t
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
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and a set of upstream patches contr
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Updating database of manual pages .
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which the file comes; --status pack
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Iceweasel is a redesign of the Mozi
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handles other packaging formats, es
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Chapter Maintenance and Updates: Th
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The syntax of the last field depend
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6.1.1.2. The Backports From backpor
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6.2.1. Initialization For any work
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6.2.3. System Upgrade Regular upgra
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it can be configured through severa
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TIP Comments in /etc/apt/ preferenc
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6.4. Frontends: aptitude, synaptic
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like aptitude has always done. It c
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aptitude's log will only contain a
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“Authentication” tab in the Sei
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compiled by the package maintainers
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Figure 6.3 Upgrading with update-ma
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IN PRACTICE The Falcot Corp case Fa
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purpose is editing. Browsing this c
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Chapter Solving Problems and Findin
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Man pages not only document program
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The navigation controls in the docu
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constraints... 7.2. Common Procedur
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7.2.3. Asking for Help on a Mailing
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Keywords Configuration Localization
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This chapter reviews everything inc
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The questions are relevant to the p
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to 1 Gb/s). The most widely used ca
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A connection by telephone modem req
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Network Manager knows how to handle
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TIP Bypassing DNS Since application
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8.4.3. Modifying an Existing Accoun
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The creation of an account populate
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8.7. Printer Configuration Printer
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Configuration of the bootloader mus
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oot=/dev/sda # the partition that c
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kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 init
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The timezone, configured during ini
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GOING FURTHER GPS modules and other
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A complete list of known filesystem
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8.10.1. Introduction and Prerequisi
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the choices saved in the .config fi
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$ ls ../*.deb ../linux-image-2.6.32
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This requires, however, that lilo b
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Chapter Unix Services 9 Contents Sy
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• checking the integrity of files
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By default, Debian uses four differ
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BACK TO BASICS Client, server A sys
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that requires frequent connections
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For any connection established on t
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When the VNC session is closed, rem
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There are two ways of presenting ri
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Webmin is used through a web interf
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• news: Usenet subsystem message
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9.6. The inetd Super-Server Inetd (
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SECURITY Restricting cron or atd Yo
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# Restart the IRC proxy after each
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update the quotas in the absence of
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of backups can be kept in a small a
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The Falcot Corp administrators are
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• ACTION: the action correspondin
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ATTRS{rev}==" " ATTRS{state}=="runn
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ATTENTION Graphics card and standby
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Chapter Network10 Infrastructure Co
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# xm list Name ID Mem VCPUs State T
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known as control groups, by which d
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into a separate switch, with the co
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done. INIT: Entering runlevel: 3 St
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12.2.3.2. Network Configuration Jus
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is accessible from all interfaces;
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We will only give a rough overview
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• from the network; preseeding th
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12.3.3. Simple-CDD: The All-In-One
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12.4. Monitoring Monitoring is a ge
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Finally, when a plugin is invoked w
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According to its type, each object
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check_command } define service{ use
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Keywords Workstation Graphical desk
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13.1. Configuring the X11 Server Th
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oth versions are available in Squee
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contains commented examples. Last,
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Figure 13.2 The KDE desktop Since t
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Evolution is the GNOME email client
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Strictly speaking, Debian Squeeze c
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The next versions of these applicat
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13.4.4.3. Collaborative Work With F
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The Windows partition must first be
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Chapter Security14 Contents Definin
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ut the other elements should also b
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• INPUT: concerns packets whose d
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Other actions, particularly those c
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Figure 14.2 Fwbuilder's main window
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• those that qualify a message as
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14.3.3.1. Auditing Packages: debsum
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The chkrootkit and rkhunter package
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Figure 14.3 Security contexts and U
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The aptitude install selinux-basics
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# semanage login -a -s user_u rhert
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# myapp executable will have: # lab
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GOING FURTHER The m4 macro language
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Message avc:denied { read write } p
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➨ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQ
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features imply a increased risk of
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confronted with these unfortunate c
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sure of actually fixing it; otherwi
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(...) ** 2004-11-29-19:50:49: DCC S
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Chapter Creating a Debian15 Package
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editor shows us that dch really did
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15.2. Building your First Package 1
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particular case, library, is useful
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The interpretation of such a rule i
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ALTERNATIVE apt-ftparchive If mini-
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a huge problem as soon as the error
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EXTRA Lightweight process for “De
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not yet gone through the new mainta
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Chapter Debian's16 Conclusion: Futu
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16.3. Future of this Book We would
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These objectives necessarily involv
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A.7. Damn Small Linux This distribu
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$ pwd /home/rhertzog $ cd Desktop $
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tmpfs 514208 269136 245072 53% /dev
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B.3.1. The Deepest Layer: the Hardw
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B.4. Some Tasks Handled by the Kern
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B.4.3. Shared Functions Since a num
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comes back when the execution of th
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• the standard C library (glibc),
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alternative, 356 am-utils, 173 aman
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Collins, Ben, 12 command line inter
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edquota, 209 eGroupware, 366 EHLO,
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in-addr.arpa, 241 Includes, Apache
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lspci, 444 lspcmcia, 444 lsusb, 444
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hardware acceleration, 190 openswan
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ead, right, 196 README.Debian, 11,
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suite, office, 368 super-server, 20
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Z Zabbix, 343 Zacchiroli, Stefano,
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