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csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr factor false flock fmt fold groups head hostid id install join link ln logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup nproc od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink rm rmdir runcon sha*sum seq shred sleep sort split stat stty sum sync tac tail tee test timeout touch tr true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand uniq unlink users vdir wc who whoami yes Homepage: http://gnu.org/software/coreutils $ dpkg -l 'b*' | head Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description +++-===================-==========-============================================ un backupninja (no description available) un base (no description available) un base-config (no description available) ii base-files 4 Debian base system miscellaneous files ii base-passwd 3.5.11 Debian base system master password and group $ dpkg -c /var/cache/apt/archives/iceweasel_2.0.0.18-0etch1_i386.deb drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2008-11-23 23:18 ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2008-11-23 23:16 ./etc/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2008-11-23 23:18 ./etc/iceweasel/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2008-11-23 23:18 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 7138 2006-08-19 08:04 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/bookmarks.html -rw-r--r-- root/root 153 2006-09-14 19:13 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/localstore.rdf -rw-r--r-- root/root 3287 2005-02-01 18:36 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/search.rdf -rw-r--r-- root/root 287 2004-11-30 22:26 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/mimeTypes.rdf drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2008-11-23 23:18 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/chrome/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 1078 2004-11-30 22:26 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/chrome/userChrome ➥ -example.css -rw-r--r-- root/root 663 2004-11-30 22:26 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/chrome/ ➥ userContent-example.css -rw-r--r-- root/root 347 2004-07-28 23:20 ./etc/iceweasel/profile/prefs.js -rw-r--r-- root/root 53 2008-11-23 22:43 ./etc/iceweasel/iceweaselrc [...] $ dpkg -I /var/cache/apt/archives/iceweasel_2.0.0.18-0etch1_i386.deb new Debian package, version 2.0. size 9126828 bytes : control file = 37297 bytes. 346 bytes, 9 lines conffiles 1255 bytes, 20 lines control 122920 bytes, 1249 lines md5sums 1267 bytes, 37 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh 293 bytes, 8 lines * postrm #!/bin/sh 2763 bytes, 70 lines * preinst #!/bin/sh 274 bytes, 12 lines * prerm #!/bin/sh Package: iceweasel Version: 2.0.0.18-0etch1 Section: web Priority: optional Architecture: i386 Depends: fontconfig, psmisc, debianutils (>= 1.16), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.2), libc6 (>= ➥ 2.3.6-6)... Suggests: iceweasel-gnome-support (= 2.0.0.18-0etch1), latex-xft-fonts, xprint, ➥ mozplugger, libkrb53 Conflicts: mozilla-firefox (
Iceweasel is a redesign of the Mozilla browser component, similar to Galeon, K-Meleon and Camino, but written using the XUL user interface language and designed to be lightweight and cross-platform. . This browser is based on the Firefox source-code, with minor modifications. Historically, this browser was previously known as Firebird and Phoenix. Example 5.5 Various queries with dpkg GOING FURTHER Comparison of versions Since dpkg is the program for handling Debian packages, it also provides the reference implementation of the logic of comparing version numbers. This is why it has a --compare-versions option, usable by external programs (especially configuration scripts executed by dpkg itself). This option requires three parameters: a version number, a comparison operator, and a second version number. The different possible operators are lt (strictly less than), le (less than or equal to), eq (equal), ne (not equal), ge (greater than or equal to), and gt (strictly greater than). If the comparison is correct, dpkg gives the return code, 0 (success); if not, it gives a non-zero return value (indicating failure). $ dpkg --compare-versions 1.2-3 gt 1.1-4 $ echo $? 0 $ dpkg --compare-versions 1.2-3 lt 1.1-4 $ echo $? 1 $ dpkg --compare-versions 2.6.0pre3-1 lt 2.6.0-1 $ echo $? 1 Note the unexpected failure of the last comparison: for dpkg, pre, usually denoting a pre-release, has no particular meaning, and this program compares the alphabetic characters in the same way as the numbers (a
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The Debian Administrator's Handbook
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3.1.3 Integration with Other Linux/
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6.5 Checking Package Authenticity .
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9.4.1 Administrating On a Web Inter
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11.5 Seing Up Windows Shares with S
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14.2 Firewall or Packet Filtering .
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B.2.2 The User's Home Directory . .
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Foreword Linux has been garnering s
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Book Structure Following the struct
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While we were obviously satisfied w
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Tobias Gruetzmacher, Tournier Simon
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Keywords Objective Means Operation
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1.1. What Is Debian? CULTURE Origin
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TOOL Installer debian-installer is
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COMMUNITY Upstream author, or Debia
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➨ http://www.opensource.org/licen
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1.3.1. The Debian Developers Debian
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with the changelog.gz file (or equi
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were only lile challenges at the be
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can always fine-tune these paramete
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PERSPECTIVE Debian for multimedia A
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Each specific service has its own s
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tool. Whether used in graphical or
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Figure 1.2 Compilation of a package
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their work. The next step is the in
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28 The Debian Administrator's Handb
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Keywords Falcot Corp SMB Strong Gro
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We have envisioned this case study
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Several factors have dictated this
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• A survey of several French serv
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Chapter Analyzing the Existing Setu
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Figure 3.1 Coexistence of Debian wi
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Figure 3.2 Database backups Each se
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Page 74 and 75: Keywords Installation Partitioning
Page 76 and 77: BACK TO BASICS A catch-up course in
Page 78 and 79: copy the previously downloaded ISO
Page 80 and 81: of the two, and GRUB, a more modern
Page 82 and 83: Figure 4.3 Selecting the country 4.
Page 84 and 85: 4.2.9. Configuring the Clock If the
Page 86 and 87: (swap) will be stored. This task is
Page 88 and 89: Figure 4.9 Guided partitioning The
Page 90 and 91: IN PRACTICE Shrinking a Windows par
Page 92 and 93: “Create a volume group”, to whi
Page 94 and 95: Figure 4.12 Selecting a Debian mirr
Page 96 and 97: accessible from the boot menu. You
Page 98: TIP Debian thinks of speakers of no
Page 101 and 102: Chapter Packaging System: Tools and
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 7, Solving Problems and Fin
Page 105 and 106: SHA1: 350a8a7a43fe182d54f3b7d73b803
Page 107 and 108: 5.2.1.2. Conflicts: the Conflicts f
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.1 Use of a Provides field
Page 111 and 112: name. This directory also includes
Page 113 and 114: postinst and similar scripts. But t
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Page 117 and 118: and a set of upstream patches contr
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Page 121: which the file comes; --status pack
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Page 127 and 128: Chapter Maintenance and Updates: Th
Page 129 and 130: The syntax of the last field depend
Page 131 and 132: 6.1.1.2. The Backports From backpor
Page 133 and 134: 6.2.1. Initialization For any work
Page 135 and 136: 6.2.3. System Upgrade Regular upgra
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Page 139 and 140: TIP Comments in /etc/apt/ preferenc
Page 141 and 142: 6.4. Frontends: aptitude, synaptic
Page 143 and 144: like aptitude has always done. It c
Page 145 and 146: aptitude's log will only contain a
Page 147 and 148: “Authentication” tab in the Sei
Page 149 and 150: compiled by the package maintainers
Page 151 and 152: Figure 6.3 Upgrading with update-ma
Page 153 and 154: IN PRACTICE The Falcot Corp case Fa
Page 155 and 156: purpose is editing. Browsing this c
Page 157 and 158: Chapter Solving Problems and Findin
Page 159 and 160: Man pages not only document program
Page 161 and 162: The navigation controls in the docu
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Page 168 and 169: Keywords Configuration Localization
Page 170 and 171: This chapter reviews everything inc
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The questions are relevant to the p
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to 1 Gb/s). The most widely used ca
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A connection by telephone modem req
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Network Manager knows how to handle
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TIP Bypassing DNS Since application
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8.4.3. Modifying an Existing Accoun
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The creation of an account populate
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8.7. Printer Configuration Printer
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Configuration of the bootloader mus
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oot=/dev/sda # the partition that c
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kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 init
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The timezone, configured during ini
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GOING FURTHER GPS modules and other
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A complete list of known filesystem
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8.10.1. Introduction and Prerequisi
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the choices saved in the .config fi
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$ ls ../*.deb ../linux-image-2.6.32
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This requires, however, that lilo b
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Chapter Unix Services 9 Contents Sy
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• checking the integrity of files
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By default, Debian uses four differ
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BACK TO BASICS Client, server A sys
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that requires frequent connections
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For any connection established on t
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When the VNC session is closed, rem
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There are two ways of presenting ri
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Webmin is used through a web interf
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• news: Usenet subsystem message
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9.6. The inetd Super-Server Inetd (
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SECURITY Restricting cron or atd Yo
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# Restart the IRC proxy after each
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update the quotas in the absence of
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of backups can be kept in a small a
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The Falcot Corp administrators are
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• ACTION: the action correspondin
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ATTRS{rev}==" " ATTRS{state}=="runn
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ATTENTION Graphics card and standby
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Chapter Network10 Infrastructure Co
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sent through to the masqueraded con
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CULTURE SSL and TLS The SSL protoco
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crt for the public certificate, key
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10.2.1.2. Configuring the OpenVPN S
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fast. Installing an IKE daemon (for
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pptpd is the PPTP server for Linux.
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## some defaults nodefaultroute pro
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GOING FURTHER Optimal configuration
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# (/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/acce
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so that a security vulnerability in
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Example 10.12 Excerpt of /etc/bind/
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} option broadcast-address 192.168.
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10.8.2. Remote Diagnosis: nmap nmap
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The packet currently displayed was
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Chapter 11 Network Services: Postfi
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the ISP's SMTP server, which is alw
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alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
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virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/vh
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The last two rules reject any messa
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The reject_unlisted_recipient rule
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failed messages later), especially
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# Unfiltered addresses postmaster@f
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Note that the SASL database was cre
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Apache is a modular server, and man
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# New log format including (virtual
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11.2.3.2. Restricting Access The Al
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➨ http://www.falcot.com/cgi-bin/a
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RPC services register to a director
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option, which disables this behavio
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The package also proposes identifyi
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1 5 Specifies the character set and
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username = user password = password
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11.6.3. Configuring a Filter squid
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objectClass: dcObject objectClass:
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Question Answer LDAP server Uniform
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and so on). The answer to the “co
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go into deeper detail for some conc
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Chapter Advanced12 Administration C
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CULTURE Independent or inexpensive?
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RAID-5 RAID-5 addresses the asymmet
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Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Bl
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there will be a synchronization pha
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[...] Update Time : Thu Sep 30 15:5
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Fortunately, these lines can be gen
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# pvdisplay "/dev/sdb2" is a new ph
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Allocation inherit Read ahead secto
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# cat /etc/fstab [...] /dev/vg_crit
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[...] # df -h /srv/base/ Filesystem
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• The remaining partitions, sda7
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that gets started) is known as dom0
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or Mandriva). Other methods include
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# xm list Name ID Mem VCPUs State T
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known as control groups, by which d
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into a separate switch, with the co
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done. INIT: Entering runlevel: 3 St
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12.2.3.2. Network Configuration Jus
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is accessible from all interfaces;
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We will only give a rough overview
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• from the network; preseeding th
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12.3.3. Simple-CDD: The All-In-One
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12.4. Monitoring Monitoring is a ge
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Finally, when a plugin is invoked w
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According to its type, each object
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check_command } define service{ use
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Keywords Workstation Graphical desk
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13.1. Configuring the X11 Server Th
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oth versions are available in Squee
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contains commented examples. Last,
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Figure 13.2 The KDE desktop Since t
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Evolution is the GNOME email client
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Strictly speaking, Debian Squeeze c
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The next versions of these applicat
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13.4.4.3. Collaborative Work With F
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The Windows partition must first be
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Chapter Security14 Contents Definin
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ut the other elements should also b
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• INPUT: concerns packets whose d
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Other actions, particularly those c
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Figure 14.2 Fwbuilder's main window
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• those that qualify a message as
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14.3.3.1. Auditing Packages: debsum
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The chkrootkit and rkhunter package
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Figure 14.3 Security contexts and U
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The aptitude install selinux-basics
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# semanage login -a -s user_u rhert
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# myapp executable will have: # lab
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GOING FURTHER The m4 macro language
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Message avc:denied { read write } p
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➨ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQ
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features imply a increased risk of
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confronted with these unfortunate c
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sure of actually fixing it; otherwi
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(...) ** 2004-11-29-19:50:49: DCC S
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Chapter Creating a Debian15 Package
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editor shows us that dch really did
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15.2. Building your First Package 1
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particular case, library, is useful
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The interpretation of such a rule i
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ALTERNATIVE apt-ftparchive If mini-
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a huge problem as soon as the error
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EXTRA Lightweight process for “De
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not yet gone through the new mainta
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Chapter Debian's16 Conclusion: Futu
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16.3. Future of this Book We would
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These objectives necessarily involv
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A.7. Damn Small Linux This distribu
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$ pwd /home/rhertzog $ cd Desktop $
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tmpfs 514208 269136 245072 53% /dev
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B.3.1. The Deepest Layer: the Hardw
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B.4. Some Tasks Handled by the Kern
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B.4.3. Shared Functions Since a num
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comes back when the execution of th
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• the standard C library (glibc),
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alternative, 356 am-utils, 173 aman
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Collins, Ben, 12 command line inter
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edquota, 209 eGroupware, 366 EHLO,
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in-addr.arpa, 241 Includes, Apache
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lspci, 444 lspcmcia, 444 lsusb, 444
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hardware acceleration, 190 openswan
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ead, right, 196 README.Debian, 11,
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suite, office, 368 super-server, 20
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Z Zabbix, 343 Zacchiroli, Stefano,
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