2 - Raspberry PI Community Projects

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These objectives necessarily involve a reduction in scope; Ubuntu focuses on a smaller number of packages than Debian, and relies primarily on the GNOME desktop (although an official Ubuntu derivative, called “Kubuntu”, relies on KDE). Everything is internationalized and made available in a great many languages. So far, Ubuntu has managed to keep this release rhythm. They also publish Long Term Support (LTS) releases, with a 5-year maintenance promise. As of April 2012, the current LTS version is version 12.04, nicknamed Precise Pangolin. The latest non-LTS version is 11.10, nicknamed Oneiric Ocelot. Version numbers describe the release date: 11.10, for example, was released in October 2011. Ubuntu has reached a wide audience in the general public. Millions of users were impressed by its ease of installation, and the work that went into making the desktop simpler to use. However, not everything is fine and dandy, especially for Debian developers who placed great hopes in Ubuntu contributing directly to Debian. Even though this situation has improved over the years, many have been irked by the Canonical marketing, which implied Ubuntu were good citizens in the Free Software world simply because they made public the changes they applied to Debian packages. Free Software proponents understand that an automatically-generated patch is of little use to the upstream contribution process. Getting one's work integrated requires direct interaction with the other party. This interaction is becoming more common over time, thanks in part to the Ubuntu community and the efforts it makes in educating its new contributors. But this policy is still not enforced by Canonical on its employees. Some kept true to their roots, and do make the required effort (Colin Watson, Martin Pitt and Matthias Klose are noteworthy in this regard), but others — often overworked — can no longer find it in them. ➨ http://www.ubuntu.com/ A.3. Knoppix The Knoppix distribution barely needs an introduction. It was the first popular distribution to provide a LiveCD; in other words, a bootable CD-ROM that runs a turn-key Linux system with no requirement for a hard-disk — any system already installed on the machine will be left untouched. Automatic detection of available devices allows this distribution to work in most hardware configurations. The CD-ROM includes almost 2 GB of (compressed) software. Combining this CD-ROM and a USB stick allows carrying your files with you, and to work on any computer without leaving a trace — remember that the distribution doesn't use the hard-disk at all. Knoppix is mostly based on LXDE (a lightweight graphical desktop), but many other distributions provide other combinations of desktops and software. This is, in part, made possible thanks to the live-build Debian package that makes it relatively easy to create a LiveCD. ➨ http://live.debian.net/ Note that Knoppix also provides an installer: you can first try the distribution as a LiveCD, then install it on a hard-disk to get better performance. 434 The Debian Administrator's Handbook
➨ http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html A.4. Linux Mint Linux Mint is a (partly) community-maintained distribution, supported by donations and advertisements. Their flagship product is based on Ubuntu, but they also provide a “Linux Mint Debian Edition” variant that evolves continuously (as it's based on Debian Testing). In both cases, the initial installation involves booting a LiveDVD. The distribution aims at simplifying access to advanced technologies, and provides specific graphical user interfaces on top of the usual software. For instance, even though Linux Mint relies on GNOME, it provides a different menu system; similarly, the package management interface, although based on APT, provides a specific interface with an evaluation of the risk from each package update. Linux Mint includes a large amount of proprietary software so as to ensure the best possible user experience. For example: Adobe Flash and multimedia codecs. ➨ http://www.linuxmint.com/ A.5. SimplyME<strong>PI</strong>S SimplyME<strong>PI</strong>S is a commercial distribution very similar to Knoppix. It provides a turn-key Linux system from a LiveCD, and includes a number of non-free software packages: device drivers for nVidia video cards, Flash for animations embedded in many websites, RealPlayer, Sun's Java, and so on. The goal is to provide a 100 % working system out of the box. Mepis is internationalized and handles many languages. ➨ http://www.mepis.org/ This distribution was originally based on Debian; it went to Ubuntu for a while, then came back to Debian, which allows its developers to focus on adding features without having to stabilize packages coming from Debian's Unstable distribution. A.6. Aptosid (Formerly Sidux) This community-based distribution tracks the changes in Debian Sid (Unstable) — hence its name — and tries to release 4 new versions each year. The modifications are limited in scope: the goal is to provide the most recent software and to update drivers for the most recent hardware, while still allowing users to switch back to the official Debian distribution at any time. ➨ http://aptosid.com Derivative Distributions 435
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The Debian Administrator's Handbook
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3.1.3 Integration with Other Linux/
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6.5 Checking Package Authenticity .
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9.4.1 Administrating On a Web Inter
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11.5 Seing Up Windows Shares with S
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14.2 Firewall or Packet Filtering .
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B.2.2 The User's Home Directory . .
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Foreword Linux has been garnering s
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Book Structure Following the struct
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While we were obviously satisfied w
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Tobias Gruetzmacher, Tournier Simon
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Keywords Objective Means Operation
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1.1. What Is Debian? CULTURE Origin
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TOOL Installer debian-installer is
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COMMUNITY Upstream author, or Debia
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➨ http://www.opensource.org/licen
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1.3.1. The Debian Developers Debian
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with the changelog.gz file (or equi
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were only lile challenges at the be
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can always fine-tune these paramete
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PERSPECTIVE Debian for multimedia A
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Each specific service has its own s
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tool. Whether used in graphical or
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Figure 1.2 Compilation of a package
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their work. The next step is the in
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28 The Debian Administrator's Handb
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Keywords Falcot Corp SMB Strong Gro
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We have envisioned this case study
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Several factors have dictated this
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• A survey of several French serv
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Chapter Analyzing the Existing Setu
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Figure 3.1 Coexistence of Debian wi
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Figure 3.2 Database backups Each se
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HARDWARE Next-generation PC Most re
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Keywords Installation Partitioning
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BACK TO BASICS A catch-up course in
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copy the previously downloaded ISO
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of the two, and GRUB, a more modern
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Figure 4.3 Selecting the country 4.
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4.2.9. Configuring the Clock If the
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(swap) will be stored. This task is
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Figure 4.9 Guided partitioning The
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IN PRACTICE Shrinking a Windows par
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“Create a volume group”, to whi
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Figure 4.12 Selecting a Debian mirr
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accessible from the boot menu. You
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TIP Debian thinks of speakers of no
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Chapter Packaging System: Tools and
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Chapter 7, Solving Problems and Fin
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SHA1: 350a8a7a43fe182d54f3b7d73b803
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5.2.1.2. Conflicts: the Conflicts f
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Figure 5.1 Use of a Provides field
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name. This directory also includes
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postinst and similar scripts. But t
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
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and a set of upstream patches contr
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Updating database of manual pages .
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which the file comes; --status pack
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Iceweasel is a redesign of the Mozi
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handles other packaging formats, es
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Chapter Maintenance and Updates: Th
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The syntax of the last field depend
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6.1.1.2. The Backports From backpor
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6.2.1. Initialization For any work
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6.2.3. System Upgrade Regular upgra
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it can be configured through severa
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TIP Comments in /etc/apt/ preferenc
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6.4. Frontends: aptitude, synaptic
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like aptitude has always done. It c
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aptitude's log will only contain a
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“Authentication” tab in the Sei
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compiled by the package maintainers
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Figure 6.3 Upgrading with update-ma
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IN PRACTICE The Falcot Corp case Fa
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purpose is editing. Browsing this c
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Chapter Solving Problems and Findin
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Man pages not only document program
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The navigation controls in the docu
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constraints... 7.2. Common Procedur
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7.2.3. Asking for Help on a Mailing
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Keywords Configuration Localization
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This chapter reviews everything inc
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The questions are relevant to the p
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to 1 Gb/s). The most widely used ca
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A connection by telephone modem req
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Network Manager knows how to handle
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TIP Bypassing DNS Since application
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8.4.3. Modifying an Existing Accoun
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The creation of an account populate
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8.7. Printer Configuration Printer
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Configuration of the bootloader mus
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oot=/dev/sda # the partition that c
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kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 init
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The timezone, configured during ini
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GOING FURTHER GPS modules and other
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A complete list of known filesystem
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8.10.1. Introduction and Prerequisi
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the choices saved in the .config fi
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$ ls ../*.deb ../linux-image-2.6.32
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This requires, however, that lilo b
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Chapter Unix Services 9 Contents Sy
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• checking the integrity of files
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By default, Debian uses four differ
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BACK TO BASICS Client, server A sys
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that requires frequent connections
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For any connection established on t
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When the VNC session is closed, rem
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There are two ways of presenting ri
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Webmin is used through a web interf
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• news: Usenet subsystem message
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9.6. The inetd Super-Server Inetd (
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SECURITY Restricting cron or atd Yo
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# Restart the IRC proxy after each
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update the quotas in the absence of
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of backups can be kept in a small a
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The Falcot Corp administrators are
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• ACTION: the action correspondin
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ATTRS{rev}==" " ATTRS{state}=="runn
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ATTENTION Graphics card and standby
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Chapter Network10 Infrastructure Co
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sent through to the masqueraded con
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CULTURE SSL and TLS The SSL protoco
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crt for the public certificate, key
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10.2.1.2. Configuring the OpenVPN S
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fast. Installing an IKE daemon (for
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pptpd is the PPTP server for Linux.
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## some defaults nodefaultroute pro
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GOING FURTHER Optimal configuration
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# (/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/acce
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so that a security vulnerability in
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Example 10.12 Excerpt of /etc/bind/
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} option broadcast-address 192.168.
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10.8.2. Remote Diagnosis: nmap nmap
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The packet currently displayed was
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Chapter 11 Network Services: Postfi
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the ISP's SMTP server, which is alw
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alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
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virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/vh
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The last two rules reject any messa
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The reject_unlisted_recipient rule
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failed messages later), especially
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# Unfiltered addresses postmaster@f
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Note that the SASL database was cre
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Apache is a modular server, and man
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# New log format including (virtual
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11.2.3.2. Restricting Access The Al
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➨ http://www.falcot.com/cgi-bin/a
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RPC services register to a director
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option, which disables this behavio
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The package also proposes identifyi
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1 5 Specifies the character set and
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username = user password = password
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11.6.3. Configuring a Filter squid
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objectClass: dcObject objectClass:
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Question Answer LDAP server Uniform
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and so on). The answer to the “co
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go into deeper detail for some conc
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Chapter Advanced12 Administration C
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CULTURE Independent or inexpensive?
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RAID-5 RAID-5 addresses the asymmet
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Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Bl
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there will be a synchronization pha
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[...] Update Time : Thu Sep 30 15:5
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Fortunately, these lines can be gen
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# pvdisplay "/dev/sdb2" is a new ph
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Allocation inherit Read ahead secto
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# cat /etc/fstab [...] /dev/vg_crit
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[...] # df -h /srv/base/ Filesystem
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• The remaining partitions, sda7
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that gets started) is known as dom0
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or Mandriva). Other methods include
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# xm list Name ID Mem VCPUs State T
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known as control groups, by which d
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into a separate switch, with the co
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done. INIT: Entering runlevel: 3 St
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12.2.3.2. Network Configuration Jus
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is accessible from all interfaces;
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We will only give a rough overview
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• from the network; preseeding th
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12.3.3. Simple-CDD: The All-In-One
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12.4. Monitoring Monitoring is a ge
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Finally, when a plugin is invoked w
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According to its type, each object
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check_command } define service{ use
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Keywords Workstation Graphical desk
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13.1. Configuring the X11 Server Th
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oth versions are available in Squee
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contains commented examples. Last,
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Figure 13.2 The KDE desktop Since t
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Evolution is the GNOME email client
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Strictly speaking, Debian Squeeze c
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The next versions of these applicat
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13.4.4.3. Collaborative Work With F
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The Windows partition must first be
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Chapter Security14 Contents Definin
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ut the other elements should also b
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• INPUT: concerns packets whose d
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Other actions, particularly those c
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Figure 14.2 Fwbuilder's main window
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Page 415 and 416: Figure 14.3 Security contexts and U
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Page 419 and 420: # semanage login -a -s user_u rhert
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Page 423 and 424: GOING FURTHER The m4 macro language
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Page 427 and 428: ➨ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQ
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Page 437 and 438: Chapter Creating a Debian15 Package
Page 439 and 440: editor shows us that dch really did
Page 441 and 442: 15.2. Building your First Package 1
Page 443 and 444: particular case, library, is useful
Page 445 and 446: The interpretation of such a rule i
Page 447 and 448: ALTERNATIVE apt-ftparchive If mini-
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Page 451 and 452: EXTRA Lightweight process for “De
Page 453 and 454: not yet gone through the new mainta
Page 455 and 456: Chapter Debian's16 Conclusion: Futu
Page 457: 16.3. Future of this Book We would
Page 462 and 463: A.7. Damn Small Linux This distribu
Page 464 and 465: $ pwd /home/rhertzog $ cd Desktop $
Page 466 and 467: tmpfs 514208 269136 245072 53% /dev
Page 468 and 469: B.3.1. The Deepest Layer: the Hardw
Page 470 and 471: B.4. Some Tasks Handled by the Kern
Page 472 and 473: B.4.3. Shared Functions Since a num
Page 474 and 475: comes back when the execution of th
Page 476 and 477: • the standard C library (glibc),
Page 478 and 479: alternative, 356 am-utils, 173 aman
Page 480 and 481: Collins, Ben, 12 command line inter
Page 482 and 483: edquota, 209 eGroupware, 366 EHLO,
Page 484 and 485: in-addr.arpa, 241 Includes, Apache
Page 486 and 487: lspci, 444 lspcmcia, 444 lsusb, 444
Page 488 and 489: hardware acceleration, 190 openswan
Page 490 and 491: ead, right, 196 README.Debian, 11,
Page 492 and 493: suite, office, 368 super-server, 20
Page 494: Z Zabbix, 343 Zacchiroli, Stefano,
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