2 - Raspberry PI Community Projects

More documents

Recommendations

Info

packages are not in the latest available version, it sends an email with a list of these packages along with the changes that have been made in the new versions. Obviously, this package mostly targets users of Debian Stable, since the daily emails would be very long for the more mobile versions of Debian. When updates are available, apticron automatically downloads them. It does not install them — the administrator will still do it — but having the packages already downloaded and available locally (in APT's cache) makes the job faster. Administrators in charge of several computers will no doubt appreciate being informed of pending upgrades, but the upgrades themselves are still as tedious as they used to be, which is where the /etc/cron.daily/apt script (in the apt package) comes in handy. This script is also run daily (and non-interactively) by cron. To control its behavior, use APT configuration variables (which are therefore stored in a file under /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/). The main three variables are: APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists This option allows you to specify the frequency (in days) at which the package lists are refreshed. apticron users can do without this variable, since apticron already does this task. APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages Again, this option indicates a frequency (in days), this time for the downloading of the actual packages. Again, apticron users won't need it. APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval This last option covers a feature that apticron doesn't have. It controls how often obsolete packages (those not referenced by any distribution anymore) are removed from the APT cache. This keeps the APT cache at a reasonable size and means that you don't need to worry about that task. Other options can allow you to control the cache cleaning behavior with more precision. They are not listed here, but they are described in the /etc/cron.daily/apt script. These tools work very well for servers, but desktop users generally prefer a more interactive system. That is why the “Graphical desktop environment” task installs update-notifier and update-manager. The former displays an icon in the notification area of desktop environments when updates are available; clicking on this icon then runs update-manager, a simplified interface to perform updates. You can browse through available updates, read the description of the relevant packages and their changelog, and select whether to apply the update or not on a caseby-case basis. Note that these packages contain configuration data for /etc/cron.daily/apt so that it refreshes the lists of available packages and downloads the relevant ones. The updatenotifier/update-manager combination is far from having as many features as aptitude and synaptic, since it only handles the upgrades of packages which are already installed; as a consequence, its minimalistic interface leaves little room for mistakes, and therefore little risk of breaking the system. 124 The Debian Administrator's Handbook
Figure 6.3 Upgrading with update-manager 6.8. Automatic Upgrades Since Falcot Corp has many computers but only limited manpower, its administrators try to make upgrades as automatic as possible. The programs in charge of these processes must therefore run with no human intervention. 6.8.1. Configuring dpkg As we have already mentioned (see sidebar “Avoiding the configuration file questions” (page 87)), dpkg can be instructed not to ask for confirmation when replacing a configuration file (with the --force-confdef --force-confold options). Interactions can, however, have three other sources: some come from APT itself, some are handled by debconf, and some happen on the command line due to package configuration scripts. Chapter 6 — Maintenance and Updates: The APT Tools 125
Page 2 and 3:
The Debian Administrator's Handbook
Page 4 and 5:
3.1.3 Integration with Other Linux/
Page 6 and 7:
6.5 Checking Package Authenticity .
Page 8 and 9:
9.4.1 Administrating On a Web Inter
Page 10 and 11:
11.5 Seing Up Windows Shares with S
Page 12 and 13:
14.2 Firewall or Packet Filtering .
Page 14 and 15:
B.2.2 The User's Home Directory . .
Page 17 and 18:
Foreword Linux has been garnering s
Page 19 and 20:
Book Structure Following the struct
Page 21 and 22:
While we were obviously satisfied w
Page 23 and 24:
Tobias Gruetzmacher, Tournier Simon
Page 26 and 27:
Keywords Objective Means Operation
Page 28 and 29:
1.1. What Is Debian? CULTURE Origin
Page 30 and 31:
TOOL Installer debian-installer is
Page 32 and 33:
COMMUNITY Upstream author, or Debia
Page 34 and 35:
➨ http://www.opensource.org/licen
Page 36 and 37:
1.3.1. The Debian Developers Debian
Page 38 and 39:
with the changelog.gz file (or equi
Page 40 and 41:
were only lile challenges at the be
Page 42 and 43:
can always fine-tune these paramete
Page 44 and 45:
PERSPECTIVE Debian for multimedia A
Page 46 and 47:
Each specific service has its own s
Page 48 and 49:
tool. Whether used in graphical or
Page 50 and 51:
Figure 1.2 Compilation of a package
Page 52 and 53:
their work. The next step is the in
Page 54 and 55:
28 The Debian Administrator's Handb
Page 56 and 57:
Keywords Falcot Corp SMB Strong Gro
Page 58 and 59:
We have envisioned this case study
Page 60 and 61:
Several factors have dictated this
Page 62:
• A survey of several French serv
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter Analyzing the Existing Setu
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 3.1 Coexistence of Debian wi
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 3.2 Database backups Each se
Page 71 and 72:
HARDWARE Next-generation PC Most re
Page 74 and 75:
Keywords Installation Partitioning
Page 76 and 77:
BACK TO BASICS A catch-up course in
Page 78 and 79:
copy the previously downloaded ISO
Page 80 and 81:
of the two, and GRUB, a more modern
Page 82 and 83:
Figure 4.3 Selecting the country 4.
Page 84 and 85:
4.2.9. Configuring the Clock If the
Page 86 and 87:
(swap) will be stored. This task is
Page 88 and 89:
Figure 4.9 Guided partitioning The
Page 90 and 91:
IN PRACTICE Shrinking a Windows par
Page 92 and 93:
“Create a volume group”, to whi
Page 94 and 95:
Figure 4.12 Selecting a Debian mirr
Page 96 and 97:
accessible from the boot menu. You
Page 98:
TIP Debian thinks of speakers of no
Page 101 and 102: Chapter Packaging System: Tools and
Page 103 and 104: Chapter 7, Solving Problems and Fin
Page 105 and 106: SHA1: 350a8a7a43fe182d54f3b7d73b803
Page 107 and 108: 5.2.1.2. Conflicts: the Conflicts f
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5.1 Use of a Provides field
Page 111 and 112: name. This directory also includes
Page 113 and 114: postinst and similar scripts. But t
Page 115 and 116: -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Page 117 and 118: and a set of upstream patches contr
Page 119 and 120: Updating database of manual pages .
Page 121 and 122: which the file comes; --status pack
Page 123 and 124: Iceweasel is a redesign of the Mozi
Page 125 and 126: handles other packaging formats, es
Page 127 and 128: Chapter Maintenance and Updates: Th
Page 129 and 130: The syntax of the last field depend
Page 131 and 132: 6.1.1.2. The Backports From backpor
Page 133 and 134: 6.2.1. Initialization For any work
Page 135 and 136: 6.2.3. System Upgrade Regular upgra
Page 137 and 138: it can be configured through severa
Page 139 and 140: TIP Comments in /etc/apt/ preferenc
Page 141 and 142: 6.4. Frontends: aptitude, synaptic
Page 143 and 144: like aptitude has always done. It c
Page 145 and 146: aptitude's log will only contain a
Page 147 and 148: “Authentication” tab in the Sei
Page 149: compiled by the package maintainers
Page 153 and 154: IN PRACTICE The Falcot Corp case Fa
Page 155 and 156: purpose is editing. Browsing this c
Page 157 and 158: Chapter Solving Problems and Findin
Page 159 and 160: Man pages not only document program
Page 161 and 162: The navigation controls in the docu
Page 163 and 164: constraints... 7.2. Common Procedur
Page 165 and 166: 7.2.3. Asking for Help on a Mailing
Page 168 and 169: Keywords Configuration Localization
Page 170 and 171: This chapter reviews everything inc
Page 172 and 173: The questions are relevant to the p
Page 174 and 175: to 1 Gb/s). The most widely used ca
Page 176 and 177: A connection by telephone modem req
Page 178 and 179: Network Manager knows how to handle
Page 180 and 181: TIP Bypassing DNS Since application
Page 182 and 183: 8.4.3. Modifying an Existing Accoun
Page 184 and 185: The creation of an account populate
Page 186 and 187: 8.7. Printer Configuration Printer
Page 188 and 189: Configuration of the bootloader mus
Page 190 and 191: oot=/dev/sda # the partition that c
Page 192 and 193: kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 init
Page 194 and 195: The timezone, configured during ini
Page 196 and 197: GOING FURTHER GPS modules and other
Page 198 and 199: A complete list of known filesystem
Page 200 and 201:
8.10.1. Introduction and Prerequisi
Page 202 and 203:
the choices saved in the .config fi
Page 204 and 205:
$ ls ../*.deb ../linux-image-2.6.32
Page 206:
This requires, however, that lilo b
Page 209 and 210:
Chapter Unix Services 9 Contents Sy
Page 211 and 212:
• checking the integrity of files
Page 213 and 214:
By default, Debian uses four differ
Page 215 and 216:
BACK TO BASICS Client, server A sys
Page 217 and 218:
that requires frequent connections
Page 219 and 220:
For any connection established on t
Page 221 and 222:
When the VNC session is closed, rem
Page 223 and 224:
There are two ways of presenting ri
Page 225 and 226:
Webmin is used through a web interf
Page 227 and 228:
• news: Usenet subsystem message
Page 229 and 230:
9.6. The inetd Super-Server Inetd (
Page 231 and 232:
SECURITY Restricting cron or atd Yo
Page 233 and 234:
# Restart the IRC proxy after each
Page 235 and 236:
update the quotas in the absence of
Page 237 and 238:
of backups can be kept in a small a
Page 239 and 240:
The Falcot Corp administrators are
Page 241 and 242:
• ACTION: the action correspondin
Page 243 and 244:
ATTRS{rev}==" " ATTRS{state}=="runn
Page 245 and 246:
ATTENTION Graphics card and standby
Page 247 and 248:
Chapter Network10 Infrastructure Co
Page 249 and 250:
sent through to the masqueraded con
Page 251 and 252:
CULTURE SSL and TLS The SSL protoco
Page 253 and 254:
crt for the public certificate, key
Page 255 and 256:
10.2.1.2. Configuring the OpenVPN S
Page 257 and 258:
fast. Installing an IKE daemon (for
Page 259 and 260:
pptpd is the PPTP server for Linux.
Page 261 and 262:
## some defaults nodefaultroute pro
Page 263 and 264:
GOING FURTHER Optimal configuration
Page 265 and 266:
# (/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/acce
Page 267 and 268:
so that a security vulnerability in
Page 269 and 270:
Example 10.12 Excerpt of /etc/bind/
Page 271 and 272:
} option broadcast-address 192.168.
Page 273 and 274:
10.8.2. Remote Diagnosis: nmap nmap
Page 275 and 276:
The packet currently displayed was
Page 277 and 278:
Chapter 11 Network Services: Postfi
Page 279 and 280:
the ISP's SMTP server, which is alw
Page 281 and 282:
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
Page 283 and 284:
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/vh
Page 285 and 286:
The last two rules reject any messa
Page 287 and 288:
The reject_unlisted_recipient rule
Page 289 and 290:
failed messages later), especially
Page 291 and 292:
# Unfiltered addresses postmaster@f
Page 293 and 294:
Note that the SASL database was cre
Page 295 and 296:
Apache is a modular server, and man
Page 297 and 298:
# New log format including (virtual
Page 299 and 300:
11.2.3.2. Restricting Access The Al
Page 301 and 302:
➨ http://www.falcot.com/cgi-bin/a
Page 303 and 304:
RPC services register to a director
Page 305 and 306:
option, which disables this behavio
Page 307 and 308:
The package also proposes identifyi
Page 309 and 310:
1 5 Specifies the character set and
Page 311 and 312:
username = user password = password
Page 313 and 314:
11.6.3. Configuring a Filter squid
Page 315 and 316:
objectClass: dcObject objectClass:
Page 317 and 318:
Question Answer LDAP server Uniform
Page 319 and 320:
and so on). The answer to the “co
Page 321 and 322:
go into deeper detail for some conc
Page 323 and 324:
Chapter Advanced12 Administration C
Page 325 and 326:
CULTURE Independent or inexpensive?
Page 327 and 328:
RAID-5 RAID-5 addresses the asymmet
Page 329 and 330:
Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Bl
Page 331 and 332:
there will be a synchronization pha
Page 333 and 334:
[...] Update Time : Thu Sep 30 15:5
Page 335 and 336:
Fortunately, these lines can be gen
Page 337 and 338:
# pvdisplay "/dev/sdb2" is a new ph
Page 339 and 340:
Allocation inherit Read ahead secto
Page 341 and 342:
# cat /etc/fstab [...] /dev/vg_crit
Page 343 and 344:
[...] # df -h /srv/base/ Filesystem
Page 345 and 346:
• The remaining partitions, sda7
Page 347 and 348:
that gets started) is known as dom0
Page 349 and 350:
or Mandriva). Other methods include
Page 351 and 352:
# xm list Name ID Mem VCPUs State T
Page 353 and 354:
known as control groups, by which d
Page 355 and 356:
into a separate switch, with the co
Page 357 and 358:
done. INIT: Entering runlevel: 3 St
Page 359 and 360:
12.2.3.2. Network Configuration Jus
Page 361 and 362:
is accessible from all interfaces;
Page 363 and 364:
We will only give a rough overview
Page 365 and 366:
• from the network; preseeding th
Page 367 and 368:
12.3.3. Simple-CDD: The All-In-One
Page 369 and 370:
12.4. Monitoring Monitoring is a ge
Page 371 and 372:
Finally, when a plugin is invoked w
Page 373 and 374:
According to its type, each object
Page 375 and 376:
check_command } define service{ use
Page 378 and 379:
Keywords Workstation Graphical desk
Page 380 and 381:
13.1. Configuring the X11 Server Th
Page 382 and 383:
oth versions are available in Squee
Page 384 and 385:
contains commented examples. Last,
Page 386 and 387:
Figure 13.2 The KDE desktop Since t
Page 388 and 389:
Evolution is the GNOME email client
Page 390 and 391:
Strictly speaking, Debian Squeeze c
Page 392 and 393:
The next versions of these applicat
Page 394 and 395:
13.4.4.3. Collaborative Work With F
Page 396:
The Windows partition must first be
Page 399 and 400:
Chapter Security14 Contents Definin
Page 401 and 402:
ut the other elements should also b
Page 403 and 404:
• INPUT: concerns packets whose d
Page 405 and 406:
Other actions, particularly those c
Page 407 and 408:
Figure 14.2 Fwbuilder's main window
Page 409 and 410:
• those that qualify a message as
Page 411 and 412:
14.3.3.1. Auditing Packages: debsum
Page 413 and 414:
The chkrootkit and rkhunter package
Page 415 and 416:
Figure 14.3 Security contexts and U
Page 417 and 418:
The aptitude install selinux-basics
Page 419 and 420:
# semanage login -a -s user_u rhert
Page 421 and 422:
# myapp executable will have: # lab
Page 423 and 424:
GOING FURTHER The m4 macro language
Page 425 and 426:
Message avc:denied { read write } p
Page 427 and 428:
➨ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQ
Page 429 and 430:
features imply a increased risk of
Page 431 and 432:
confronted with these unfortunate c
Page 433 and 434:
sure of actually fixing it; otherwi
Page 435 and 436:
(...) ** 2004-11-29-19:50:49: DCC S
Page 437 and 438:
Chapter Creating a Debian15 Package
Page 439 and 440:
editor shows us that dch really did
Page 441 and 442:
15.2. Building your First Package 1
Page 443 and 444:
particular case, library, is useful
Page 445 and 446:
The interpretation of such a rule i
Page 447 and 448:
ALTERNATIVE apt-ftparchive If mini-
Page 449 and 450:
a huge problem as soon as the error
Page 451 and 452:
EXTRA Lightweight process for “De
Page 453 and 454:
not yet gone through the new mainta
Page 455 and 456:
Chapter Debian's16 Conclusion: Futu
Page 457:
16.3. Future of this Book We would
Page 460 and 461:
These objectives necessarily involv
Page 462 and 463:
A.7. Damn Small Linux This distribu
Page 464 and 465:
$ pwd /home/rhertzog $ cd Desktop $
Page 466 and 467:
tmpfs 514208 269136 245072 53% /dev
Page 468 and 469:
B.3.1. The Deepest Layer: the Hardw
Page 470 and 471:
B.4. Some Tasks Handled by the Kern
Page 472 and 473:
B.4.3. Shared Functions Since a num
Page 474 and 475:
comes back when the execution of th
Page 476 and 477:
• the standard C library (glibc),
Page 478 and 479:
alternative, 356 am-utils, 173 aman
Page 480 and 481:
Collins, Ben, 12 command line inter
Page 482 and 483:
edquota, 209 eGroupware, 366 EHLO,
Page 484 and 485:
in-addr.arpa, 241 Includes, Apache
Page 486 and 487:
lspci, 444 lspcmcia, 444 lsusb, 444
Page 488 and 489:
hardware acceleration, 190 openswan
Page 490 and 491:
ead, right, 196 README.Debian, 11,
Page 492 and 493:
suite, office, 368 super-server, 20
Page 494:
Z Zabbix, 343 Zacchiroli, Stefano,
show all

2 - Raspberry PI Community Projects

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?