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## Domain allowed to transition. ## # interface(`myapp_domtrans',` gen_require(` type myapp_t, myapp_exec_t; ') ') domtrans_pattern($1,myapp_exec_t,myapp_t) ######################################## ## ## Read myapp log files. ## ## ## Domain allowed to read the log files. ## # interface(`myapp_read_log',` gen_require(` type myapp_log_t; ') ') logging_search_logs($1) allow $1 myapp_log_t:file r_file_perms; Example 14.3 example.if File DOCUMENTATION Explanations about the reference policy The reference policy evolves like any free soware project: based on volunteer contributions. The project is hosted by Tresys, one of the most active companies in the SELinux field. Their wiki contains explanations on how the rules are structured and how you can create new ones. ➨ http://oss.tresys.com/projects/refpolicy/wiki/GettingStarted 14.4.4.3. Writing a .te File Have a look at the example.te file: 396 The Debian Administrator's Handbook
GOING FURTHER The m4 macro language To properly structure the policy, the SELinux developers used a macrocommand processor. Instead of duplicating many similar allow directives, they created “macro functions” to use a higher-level logic, which also results in a much more readable policy. In practice, m4 is used to compile those rules. It does the opposite operation: it expands all those high-level directives into a huge database of allow directives. The SELinux “interfaces” are only macro functions which will be substituted by a set of rules at compilation time. Likewise, some rights are in fact sets of rights which are replaced by their values at compilation time. policy_module(myapp,1.0.0) 1 1 ######################################## # # Declarations # type myapp_t; 1 2 type myapp_exec_t; domain_type(myapp_t) domain_entry_file(myapp_t, myapp_exec_t) 1 3 type myapp_log_t; logging_log_file(myapp_log_t) 1 4 type myapp_tmp_t; files_tmp_file(myapp_tmp_t) ######################################## # # Myapp local policy # allow myapp_t myapp_log_t:file { read_file_perms append_file_perms }; 1 5 allow myapp_t myapp_tmp_t:file manage_file_perms; files_tmp_filetrans(myapp_t,myapp_tmp_t,file) 1 1 The module must be identified by its name and version number. This directive is required. 1 2 If the module introduces new types, it must declare them with directives like this one. Do not hesitate to create as many types as required rather than granting too many useless rights. Chapter 14 — Security 397
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The Debian Administrator's Handbook
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3.1.3 Integration with Other Linux/
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6.5 Checking Package Authenticity .
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9.4.1 Administrating On a Web Inter
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11.5 Seing Up Windows Shares with S
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14.2 Firewall or Packet Filtering .
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B.2.2 The User's Home Directory . .
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Foreword Linux has been garnering s
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Book Structure Following the struct
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While we were obviously satisfied w
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Tobias Gruetzmacher, Tournier Simon
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Keywords Objective Means Operation
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1.1. What Is Debian? CULTURE Origin
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TOOL Installer debian-installer is
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COMMUNITY Upstream author, or Debia
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➨ http://www.opensource.org/licen
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1.3.1. The Debian Developers Debian
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with the changelog.gz file (or equi
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were only lile challenges at the be
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can always fine-tune these paramete
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PERSPECTIVE Debian for multimedia A
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Each specific service has its own s
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tool. Whether used in graphical or
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Figure 1.2 Compilation of a package
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their work. The next step is the in
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28 The Debian Administrator's Handb
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Keywords Falcot Corp SMB Strong Gro
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We have envisioned this case study
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Several factors have dictated this
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• A survey of several French serv
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Chapter Analyzing the Existing Setu
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Figure 3.1 Coexistence of Debian wi
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Figure 3.2 Database backups Each se
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HARDWARE Next-generation PC Most re
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Keywords Installation Partitioning
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BACK TO BASICS A catch-up course in
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copy the previously downloaded ISO
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of the two, and GRUB, a more modern
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Figure 4.3 Selecting the country 4.
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4.2.9. Configuring the Clock If the
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(swap) will be stored. This task is
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Figure 4.9 Guided partitioning The
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IN PRACTICE Shrinking a Windows par
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“Create a volume group”, to whi
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Figure 4.12 Selecting a Debian mirr
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accessible from the boot menu. You
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TIP Debian thinks of speakers of no
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Chapter Packaging System: Tools and
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Chapter 7, Solving Problems and Fin
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SHA1: 350a8a7a43fe182d54f3b7d73b803
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5.2.1.2. Conflicts: the Conflicts f
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Figure 5.1 Use of a Provides field
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name. This directory also includes
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postinst and similar scripts. But t
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
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and a set of upstream patches contr
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Updating database of manual pages .
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which the file comes; --status pack
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Iceweasel is a redesign of the Mozi
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handles other packaging formats, es
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Chapter Maintenance and Updates: Th
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The syntax of the last field depend
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6.1.1.2. The Backports From backpor
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6.2.1. Initialization For any work
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6.2.3. System Upgrade Regular upgra
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it can be configured through severa
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TIP Comments in /etc/apt/ preferenc
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6.4. Frontends: aptitude, synaptic
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like aptitude has always done. It c
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aptitude's log will only contain a
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“Authentication” tab in the Sei
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compiled by the package maintainers
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Figure 6.3 Upgrading with update-ma
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IN PRACTICE The Falcot Corp case Fa
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purpose is editing. Browsing this c
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Chapter Solving Problems and Findin
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Man pages not only document program
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The navigation controls in the docu
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constraints... 7.2. Common Procedur
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7.2.3. Asking for Help on a Mailing
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Keywords Configuration Localization
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This chapter reviews everything inc
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The questions are relevant to the p
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to 1 Gb/s). The most widely used ca
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A connection by telephone modem req
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Network Manager knows how to handle
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TIP Bypassing DNS Since application
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8.4.3. Modifying an Existing Accoun
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The creation of an account populate
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8.7. Printer Configuration Printer
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Configuration of the bootloader mus
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oot=/dev/sda # the partition that c
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kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda2 init
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The timezone, configured during ini
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GOING FURTHER GPS modules and other
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A complete list of known filesystem
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8.10.1. Introduction and Prerequisi
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the choices saved in the .config fi
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$ ls ../*.deb ../linux-image-2.6.32
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This requires, however, that lilo b
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Chapter Unix Services 9 Contents Sy
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• checking the integrity of files
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By default, Debian uses four differ
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BACK TO BASICS Client, server A sys
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that requires frequent connections
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For any connection established on t
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When the VNC session is closed, rem
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There are two ways of presenting ri
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Webmin is used through a web interf
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• news: Usenet subsystem message
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9.6. The inetd Super-Server Inetd (
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SECURITY Restricting cron or atd Yo
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# Restart the IRC proxy after each
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update the quotas in the absence of
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of backups can be kept in a small a
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The Falcot Corp administrators are
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• ACTION: the action correspondin
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ATTRS{rev}==" " ATTRS{state}=="runn
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ATTENTION Graphics card and standby
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Chapter Network10 Infrastructure Co
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sent through to the masqueraded con
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CULTURE SSL and TLS The SSL protoco
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crt for the public certificate, key
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10.2.1.2. Configuring the OpenVPN S
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fast. Installing an IKE daemon (for
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pptpd is the PPTP server for Linux.
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## some defaults nodefaultroute pro
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GOING FURTHER Optimal configuration
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# (/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/acce
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so that a security vulnerability in
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Example 10.12 Excerpt of /etc/bind/
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} option broadcast-address 192.168.
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10.8.2. Remote Diagnosis: nmap nmap
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The packet currently displayed was
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Chapter 11 Network Services: Postfi
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the ISP's SMTP server, which is alw
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alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
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virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mail/vh
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The last two rules reject any messa
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The reject_unlisted_recipient rule
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failed messages later), especially
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# Unfiltered addresses postmaster@f
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Note that the SASL database was cre
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Apache is a modular server, and man
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# New log format including (virtual
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11.2.3.2. Restricting Access The Al
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➨ http://www.falcot.com/cgi-bin/a
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RPC services register to a director
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option, which disables this behavio
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The package also proposes identifyi
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1 5 Specifies the character set and
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username = user password = password
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11.6.3. Configuring a Filter squid
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objectClass: dcObject objectClass:
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Question Answer LDAP server Uniform
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and so on). The answer to the “co
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go into deeper detail for some conc
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Chapter Advanced12 Administration C
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CULTURE Independent or inexpensive?
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RAID-5 RAID-5 addresses the asymmet
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Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Bl
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there will be a synchronization pha
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[...] Update Time : Thu Sep 30 15:5
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Fortunately, these lines can be gen
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# pvdisplay "/dev/sdb2" is a new ph
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Allocation inherit Read ahead secto
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# cat /etc/fstab [...] /dev/vg_crit
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[...] # df -h /srv/base/ Filesystem
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• The remaining partitions, sda7
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that gets started) is known as dom0
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or Mandriva). Other methods include
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# xm list Name ID Mem VCPUs State T
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known as control groups, by which d
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into a separate switch, with the co
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done. INIT: Entering runlevel: 3 St
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12.2.3.2. Network Configuration Jus
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is accessible from all interfaces;
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We will only give a rough overview
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• from the network; preseeding th
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12.3.3. Simple-CDD: The All-In-One
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12.4. Monitoring Monitoring is a ge
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Page 373 and 374: According to its type, each object
Page 375 and 376: check_command } define service{ use
Page 378 and 379: Keywords Workstation Graphical desk
Page 380 and 381: 13.1. Configuring the X11 Server Th
Page 382 and 383: oth versions are available in Squee
Page 384 and 385: contains commented examples. Last,
Page 386 and 387: Figure 13.2 The KDE desktop Since t
Page 388 and 389: Evolution is the GNOME email client
Page 390 and 391: Strictly speaking, Debian Squeeze c
Page 392 and 393: The next versions of these applicat
Page 394 and 395: 13.4.4.3. Collaborative Work With F
Page 396: The Windows partition must first be
Page 399 and 400: Chapter Security14 Contents Definin
Page 401 and 402: ut the other elements should also b
Page 403 and 404: • INPUT: concerns packets whose d
Page 405 and 406: Other actions, particularly those c
Page 407 and 408: Figure 14.2 Fwbuilder's main window
Page 409 and 410: • those that qualify a message as
Page 411 and 412: 14.3.3.1. Auditing Packages: debsum
Page 413 and 414: The chkrootkit and rkhunter package
Page 415 and 416: Figure 14.3 Security contexts and U
Page 417 and 418: The aptitude install selinux-basics
Page 419 and 420: # semanage login -a -s user_u rhert
Page 421: # myapp executable will have: # lab
Page 425 and 426: Message avc:denied { read write } p
Page 427 and 428: ➨ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQ
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Page 435 and 436: (...) ** 2004-11-29-19:50:49: DCC S
Page 437 and 438: Chapter Creating a Debian15 Package
Page 439 and 440: editor shows us that dch really did
Page 441 and 442: 15.2. Building your First Package 1
Page 443 and 444: particular case, library, is useful
Page 445 and 446: The interpretation of such a rule i
Page 447 and 448: ALTERNATIVE apt-ftparchive If mini-
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Page 451 and 452: EXTRA Lightweight process for “De
Page 453 and 454: not yet gone through the new mainta
Page 455 and 456: Chapter Debian's16 Conclusion: Futu
Page 457: 16.3. Future of this Book We would
Page 460 and 461: These objectives necessarily involv
Page 462 and 463: A.7. Damn Small Linux This distribu
Page 464 and 465: $ pwd /home/rhertzog $ cd Desktop $
Page 466 and 467: tmpfs 514208 269136 245072 53% /dev
Page 468 and 469: B.3.1. The Deepest Layer: the Hardw
Page 470 and 471: B.4. Some Tasks Handled by the Kern
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B.4.3. Shared Functions Since a num
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comes back when the execution of th
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• the standard C library (glibc),
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alternative, 356 am-utils, 173 aman
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Collins, Ben, 12 command line inter
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edquota, 209 eGroupware, 366 EHLO,
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in-addr.arpa, 241 Includes, Apache
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lspci, 444 lspcmcia, 444 lsusb, 444
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hardware acceleration, 190 openswan
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ead, right, 196 README.Debian, 11,
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suite, office, 368 super-server, 20
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Z Zabbix, 343 Zacchiroli, Stefano,
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