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Preface This publication is the mai
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Contents Preface ..................
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List of symbols Mechanical properti
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Figure 1. Rear view of El Capitan.
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In Japan and the Asia-Pacific areas
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12 Figure 13. Delhi metro coach (Go
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1.3 Bus and coach applications 14 A
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1.4 Future potential Future prospec
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2. Materials By definition, stainle
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use higher nitrogen contents in aus
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Grade 1.4318 stainless steel was su
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MPa). Table 7 shows the format and
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1. Design using minimum specified v
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Table 9. The most common stainless
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Table 10. Physical properties of so
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for example, in the case of lap joi
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to develop new de-icing chemicals,
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(a) (b) Figure 30. Photograph from
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Austenitic CrNi and CrNiMo stainles
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Figure 33 shows the behaviour of fe
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(a) (b) Figure 35. Localised corros
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visual and not detrimental to struc
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Reduction factor 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
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It is typical of cold-worked stainl
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Thermomechanical treatments can be
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Table 17. The minimum values for co
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3. Lightweight structures and desig
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- Page 59 and 60: Figure 42. Overlapping joint (Yrjö
- Page 61 and 62: Another typical way to join a hollo
- Page 63 and 64: There are some disadvantages with a
- Page 65 and 66: New challenges have to be met in bo
- Page 67 and 68: Stiffness parameters Despite the li
- Page 69 and 70: Figure 52. An experimental, sandwic
- Page 71: 71 Figure 53. Stainless steel sandw
- Page 74 and 75: values are shown in Table 20. A com
- Page 76 and 77: Springback was determined by measur
- Page 78 and 79: A “three-roll” (pyramid-type) b
- Page 80 and 81: angle of 180 °. Figure 58 shows th
- Page 82 and 83: design and the manufacture of the t
- Page 84 and 85: Combined with modern pulsing techni
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- Page 89 and 90: 5. Properties of lightweight struct
- Page 91 and 92: Table 28. Fusion welding results fo
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- Page 95 and 96: performance of a weld-joint detail
- Page 97 and 98: 2400 N. Thus, the specified fatigue
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- Page 101 and 102: material strengths or manufacturing
- Page 103 and 104: section at a velocity of 3.0 m/s. F
- Page 105 and 106: (a) (b) (c) Figure 65. (a) Deflecti
- Page 107: Figure 67. Panel sections after lon
- Page 111 and 112: and services, occurring throughout
- Page 113 and 114: 100 % 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % 0 % Mater
- Page 115 and 116: (especially in the case of lower-al
- Page 117 and 118: Acknowledgements The following orga
- Page 119 and 120: References Ala-Outinen, T. 1996. Fi
- Page 121 and 122: DIN 6935. 1975. Kaltbiegen von Flac
- Page 123 and 124: Federation of metals industries. ME
- Page 125: UNEP 2002. Industry as a partner fo