Ecological Transport Information Tool for Worldwide ... - Schenker

IFEU Heidelberg, Öko-Institut, IVE, RMCON Page 81
Table 49
Comparison of different methodologies to allocate environmental impacts of
electricity from cogeneration
Denmark Germany
Efficiency of total electricity generation*
w/o Allocation** 36% 30%
1. Energy 70% 33%
2. Exergy 43% 31%
3. Directive 2004/8/EC (Finnish Methodology) 56% 32%
Specific CO2-emissions of total electricity generation* [kg/kWh]
w/o Allocation** 0,636 0,586
1. Energy 0,302 0,508
2. Exergy 0,524 0,558
3. Directive 2004/8/EC (Finnish Methodology) 0,390 0,527
* incl. electricity from CHP and conventional electricity generation (total electricity mix)
** electricity from CHP is estimated like non-CHP electricity (allocation factors: 100% electricity; 0% heat)
Source: IFEU
5.7 Intermodal transfer
Intermodal transfer can be relevant in a comparison of two transport variants, i.e. if one transport
variant requires more transfer processes than the other. Therefore the transhipping processes
are classified in container, liquid, bulk and other cargo. On basis of assumptions and
previous IFEU-studies the energy use of the different transfer processes is estimated. Approach
and estimation of the values are described below.
Container:
The energy used by a handling container in a rail cargo transport centre was
estimated by /IFEU°2000/ with 4.4 kWh per transfer process. In other previous
studies /ISV°1993, IFEU°1999/ a lower value (2.2°kW h/°transfer) for rail was assessed.
For container transfer in ship cargo transport centres these studies
searched out an energy factor twice than rail /ISV°1993/. Because of high uncertainties
the value of 4.4 kWh per transfer process is assumed for all carriers.
Liquid cargo: In /ISV°1993/ a very detailed calcula tion of the energy demanded by transhipping
diesel was carried out. For the different carriers the values range from 0.3 to 0.5
kWh/t, for which is why 0.4 kWh/t as average energy use is assessed.
Bulk cargo:
The results of early IFEU-estimations searching out the energy use of unloading
corn from different means of transport were used in /ISV°1993/. For bulk cargo
transfer the previous value 1.3 kWh/t is also used in EcoTransIT.
Other cargo: In this category all cargo, which is not container, liquid or bulk cargo is summarised.
Thus the value for energy use of transhipping cargo of this category has
the highest uncertainty. On basis of /ISV°1993/ a f actor of 0.6 kWh/t for this
category is taken. ,
EcoTransIT World: Methodology and Data – July 15 th , 2010