Flute acoustics: measurement, modelling and design - School of ...

136
Appendix A
Impedance spectra
A.1 PEARL MODERN FLUTE
The following graphs show the magnitude of the measured input impedance spectra for a modern
(Boehm) flute (Pearl PF-661, open hole with C foot) for all recommended fingerings. The
tuning slide was set at 4 mm and the cork at 17.5 mm. The impedance spectra were measured
using an impedance head of diameter 7.8 mm. The inertance of a stub of air of length 5 mm
and diameter 7.8 mm was added to the measurements and simulations in order to approximate
the effect of a player’s face impedance and to facilitate comparison with earlier measurements
(Wolfe et al. 2001a). The measurements were made at T = 21.6 ± 0.5 °C and relative humidity
37 ± 1 %.
Measurements were also made with a B foot and for several alternate and mutiphonic fingerings.
For brevity these are not reproduced here. For a complete set of measurements together
with sound files and comments for each note see .
C4 — XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
10 8
10 7
|Z| (Pa s m −3 )
10 6
10 5
model
experiment
10 4
0 1 2 3 4
f (kHz)