Weeki Wachee River System Recommended Minimum Flows and ...

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explains, the energy plot shows the relative portion of the data explained by the individual wavelets (energy being the sum of the squares of the wavelet coefficients). In Figure 4 there appear to be two clusters within each of the energy plots. One cluster represents higher frequency components of the data and the other cluster represents the lower frequency components. Since we are concerned primarily with the long term behavior the lower frequency components of were extracted from both the flow and rainfall data. bville.vec -10 0 10 20 Brooksville Centered Rainfall 1941 1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Discrete Wavelet Transform of Rainfall bville.vec d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 s5 1941 1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 Figure 3 Brooksville Rainfall and Transformed Rainfall Figure 5 shows the original flow data and the results of filtering using the untransformed set of "d4" through "s5" wavelets. From the graph it is obvious that what has been accomplished is that the data has been smoothed. Similar results could have been obtained using loess, W eeki W achee Flow B ro o ks v ille R a in fa ll Data Data d1 d1 d2 d2 d3 d3 d4 d4 d5 d5 s5 s5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Energy (100% ) Energy (100%) Figure 4 Wavelet Energy Diagrams ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Proposed Minimum Flows and Levels for Weeki Wachee River Page 127 of 164 Appendices
kernel smoothing, and so on. The difference, and advantage, of using wavelets is that one has an opportunity to decide which portions of the data to consider noise as well as an insight into underlying behavior over time. Centered Flow (cfs) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 1941 1945 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 The reconstructed rainfall data shows below average rainfall (1941–2004 mean) for most of the period starting around 1965 and continuing to around 2002. Note in the prior discussion of transforming the flow data that it appeared the decline in spring flow began in 1965. Roughly the same time that a decline in overall rainfall appeared to begin. A similar smoothing effect for rainfall data is shown in Figure 6. Of course between 1965 and the present ground water usage has also increased. That the explanation for decreasing spring flow be attributable to both rainfall changes and increasing withdrawals seems reasonable. The task then is to try and quantify the relative importance of the two parameters. Regression Modeling Year A simple model of spring flow as a function of rainfall would have the following form: Flow = β 0 + β1Rain + ε However, if there is an additional factor, categorical in nature, that is believed to play an important role in the process it can be represented by a binary variable. 29 Examples of such would be wet vs. dry season, or in this Original Data Wavelet Filtered Data 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 Figure 5 Original Flow Data vs. Wavelet Filtered Data Centered Rainfall 20 10 0 -10 -20 1941 1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 instance, years with significant withdrawals or without significant withdrawals. In such a case it would be added to the equation where Year Raw Data Wavelet Filtered Figure 6 Comparison of Raw Rainfall Data to Wavelet Filtered Rainfall Data 29 Helsel, D.R., Hirsch, R.M., 1995, Statistical Methods in Water Resources – Studies in Environmental Science 49, Elsevier, Netherlands, 529p. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Proposed Minimum Flows and Levels for Weeki Wachee River Page 128 of 164 Appendices
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Weeki Wachee River System Recommend
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Conversion Table Metric to U.S. Cus
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5.2 FISH ..........................
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Figure 3-2 Location of Bathymetric
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Rule-of-Th
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Table 8-1 Summary of Weeki Wachee M
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Executive Summary Minimum Flows and
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CHAPTER 1 - PURPOSE & BACKGROUND OF
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1) flood flows that determine the b
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the area." What constitutes "signif
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Table 1-1 Rule-of-Thumb Estimates f
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this report identifies specific res
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1.6 Content of Remaining Chapters I
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CHAPTER 2 - WATERSHED CHARACTERISTI
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# # # circular vent 1.8 meters in d
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Figure 2-5 1970s Aerial with 1999 U
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is a variation of the Seminole word
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Figure 2-6 Hurricane Tracks near Ba
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varied by period. The variation was
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2.3.2 Baseline Period Figure 2-10 i
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found (ktau p=0.06) between total g
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similarly across the springsheds ex
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Figure 2-15 Wavelet Filtered Discha
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Figure 2-16 INTB Groundwater Model
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2.6 Seasonal Blocks As described in
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Table 2-6 Median (cfs) Flow by Bloc
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# # # Surface waters in this stretc
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3.1.3 Segmentation Segmentation was
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Figure 3-5 Dominant SAV and Median
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Figure 3-6 Sediment Characteristics
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Figure 3-7 Shoreline / Buffer Veget
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CHAPTER 4 - TIDE, SALINITY & WATER
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Two additional harmonic pairs were
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Figure 4-5. Median Bottom Salinity
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Figure 4-7 Salinity Range (1984-200
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uncovering in response to strong wi
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E) Salinity = β o + β 1 *Flow 2 +
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Additional exploratory attempts usi
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86 = 186 cfs, SWFWMD 1994-96 = 167
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A regression of the form below was
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Table 4-8 Median Water Quality of W
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Figure 4-10 Nitrate Concentration a
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CHAPTER 5 - BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIST
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Figure 5-1 Principal Component Anal
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measured volume sampled which was t
Page 92 and 93: 5.2.2 Relation to inflow Response t
Page 94 and 95: Table 5-7 Location Response (km u )
Page 96 and 97: Table 5-9 Abundance Response to Inf
Page 98 and 99: animals can survive chronic exposur
Page 100 and 101: Figure 5-3 Number of Aerial Manatee
Page 102 and 103: Figure 5-5(a) Molluscan Presence /
Page 104 and 105: Table 5-11 Rank Order of Mollusc Ab
Page 106 and 107: Figure 5-5 Polymesoda caroliniana A
Page 108 and 109: Figure 6-1 Plankton Tow Flows Compa
Page 110 and 111: In application, a baseline area and
Page 112 and 113: 6.1.4 Benthos Protection for benthi
Page 114 and 115: Figure 6-3. Location of the Three P
Page 116 and 117: 7.2 Manatee Approach Establishing a
Page 118 and 119: Figure 7-2 Joint Probability of Occ
Page 120 and 121: Figure 7-3 Maximum Day Manatee Usag
Page 122 and 123: Figure 7- 6 Example Calculations fo
Page 124 and 125: Figure 7- 7 Estimation of Flow Redu
Page 126 and 127: Figure 7-8. Summary Results for the
Page 128 and 129: The reductions in flow that meet th
Page 130 and 131: probably accounts in part for the d
Page 132 and 133: Postel, S. and B.Richter. 2003. Riv
Page 134 and 135: Stanford, J.A., J.V.Ward, W.J. Liss
Page 136 and 137: Culter, J.K. 1986. Water Chemistry.
Page 138 and 139: CHAPTER 10 - APPENDICES 10.1 Append
Page 140 and 141: The wavelet used is the symmlets wa
Page 144 and 145: 0 if no significant withdrawal Z =
Page 146 and 147: One advantage of using this regress
Page 148 and 149: Technical Memorandum January 22, 20
Page 150 and 151: Lecanto 1 & 2 #S Well Site Descript
Page 152 and 153: Figure 4. HSPF subbasins in the INT
Page 154 and 155: Most of the limestone mines located
Page 156 and 157: 3.1.3 Septic Tank Recharge in the S
Page 158 and 159: Figure 10. Groundwater grid in the
Page 160 and 161: Basso, R.J., 2004, Hydrogeologic Se
Page 162 and 163: 10.2 Appendices - Chapter 3 Appendi
Page 164 and 165: 10.3 Appendices - Chapter 4 Appendi
Page 166 and 167: Appendix 4-2 Data Sources Water qua
Page 168 and 169: Appendix 4-3 Water Quality Trend Gr
Page 170 and 171: Water Quality Trend Graphics, conti
Page 180 and 181: United States Department of the Int
Page 182 and 183: October 8,2008 Florida Fish and Wil
Page 184 and 185: Martin Kelly, Ph.D. Page 3 October
Page 186 and 187: Scientific Peer Review of the Propo
Page 188 and 189: Determining a low flow need during
Page 190 and 191: Current state water policy, as expr
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Spring, Twin Dees Spring and possib
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under varying flow regimes. The fir
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Weeki Wachee Rainfall, Springflow a
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6.0 Discharge:Precipitation (cfs/in
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Nevertheless, a major concern with
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system grid is not totally orthogon
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In a hydrodynamic model study, one
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analysis was rather cursory. The Di
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(taxa) richness in the WWRS. If the
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Freshwater Habitats Approximately 1
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ERRATA and EDITORIAL COMMENTS Page
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Page Paragraph Line Comment 14 Some
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Page Paragraph Line Comment 21 The
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Page Paragraph Line Comment 26 The
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REFERENCES Alber, M. 2002. A Concep
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Richter, B. D., J. V. Baumgartner,
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the regression equation used to pre
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and the three independent approache
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The Southwest Florida Water Managem
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the model in terms of tides, salini
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Attachment 1 - Comparison of salini
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Figure 1. Predicted drawdown (feet)
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