Weeki Wachee River System Recommended Minimum Flows and ...

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Figure 10. Groundwater grid in the Northern District model. The NDM consists of seven layers that represent the primary geologic and hydrogeologic units including: 1. Surficial Sands; 2. Intermediate Confining Unit (ICU); 3. Suwannee Limestone; 4. Ocala Limestone; 5. upper Avon Park Formation; 6. Middle Confining Unit (MCU) I and MCU II; and the 7. lower Avon Park Formation or Oldsmar Formation. The UFA is composed of the Suwannee Limestone, Ocala Limestone, and Upper Avon Park; the Lower Floridan aquifer (LFA) is composed of the permeable parts of both the lower Avon Park and the Oldsmar Formation. Due to the permeability contrasts between the units, each unit is simulated as a discrete model layer rather than using one model layer to represent a thick sequence of permeable units (e.g., UFA). In regions where the UFA is unconfined, the second model layer represents the uppermost geologic unit in the UFA. The Suwannee Limestone is absent over a large part of the model domain. Where the Suwannee Formation is absent, model layers 3 and 4 represent the Ocala Limestone. The Ocala Limestone is absent in some local areas in the northernmost region of the model domain. In those areas, model layers 3 through 5 represent the Avon Park Formation. With the exception of the eastern part of the domain, the Oldsmar Formation is assumed to have a relatively low permeability being similar to the permeability of the overlying MCU II, which includes the lower Avon Park. Consequently, with the exception of ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Proposed Minimum Flows and Levels for Weeki Wachee River Page 143 of 164 Appendices
the eastern part of the model domain, the finite-difference cells representing the LFA (model layer 7) are inactive and groundwater flow is not simulated. The NDM was calibrated to steady-state 1995 calendar year conditions and transient conditions from 1996 through 2002 using monthly stress periods. This model is unique for west-central Florida in that it is the first regional flow model that represents the groundwater system as fully three-dimensional. Prior modeling efforts, notably Ryder (1985), Sepulveda (2002), and Knowles et al (2002), represented the groundwater system as quasi-three-dimensional. The groundwater flow and solute transport modeling computer code MODFLOW-SURFACT was used for the groundwater flow modeling (HGL, 2005). MODFLOW-SURFACT is an enhanced version of the USGS modular three-dimensional groundwater flow code (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988). To note drawdown in the UFA and potential impacts to Weeki Wachee Springs flow, the NDM was simulated under steady-state conditions using 1995 withdrawals and compared to predevelopment conditions (zero withdrawals). Based on the impacts of 1995 groundwater withdrawals (450 mgd) over the NDM domain, predicted reduction in Weeki Wachee Springs discharge was 9.7 cfs. 4.0 Summary of Weeki Wachee Spring Flow Impact The results of the first INTB model regional scenario showed that Weeki Wachee Spring discharge was reduced by 25.6 cfs as an average over the 5-year period from 1993-1998 due to groundwater withdrawals of 334 mgd in both the CWCFGWB and NWCFGWB. Refinement of these impact scenarios was conducted by adjusting existing mining withdrawals in Hernando County to reflect only consumptively-used quantities, accounting for TBW wellfield reductions as mandated under the Northern Tampa Bay Recovery Plan, and including the impact of septic tank recharge on the groundwater system in western Hernando County. The sum of these changes to overall spring flow reduced the groundwater withdrawal impact to Weeki Wachee Spring by 8.6 cfs. Based upon the simulation results from both the INTB and Northern District models, the projected reduction to Weeki Wachee Spring discharge from current groundwater withdrawals varies from 9.7 to 21.2 cfs without any changes due to TBW recovery operations. As mandated in 2008, TBW central system wellfields will withdraw an average of 90 mgd. The INTB model projects that groundwater withdrawal impacts will be reduced by another 4.2 cfs once these quantities are realized. References ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Proposed Minimum Flows and Levels for Weeki Wachee River Page 144 of 164 Appendices
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Weeki Wachee River System Recommend
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Conversion Table Metric to U.S. Cus
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5.2 FISH ..........................
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Figure 3-2 Location of Bathymetric
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Rule-of-Th
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Table 8-1 Summary of Weeki Wachee M
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Executive Summary Minimum Flows and
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CHAPTER 1 - PURPOSE & BACKGROUND OF
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1) flood flows that determine the b
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the area." What constitutes "signif
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Table 1-1 Rule-of-Thumb Estimates f
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this report identifies specific res
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1.6 Content of Remaining Chapters I
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CHAPTER 2 - WATERSHED CHARACTERISTI
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# # # circular vent 1.8 meters in d
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Figure 2-5 1970s Aerial with 1999 U
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is a variation of the Seminole word
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Figure 2-6 Hurricane Tracks near Ba
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varied by period. The variation was
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2.3.2 Baseline Period Figure 2-10 i
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found (ktau p=0.06) between total g
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similarly across the springsheds ex
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Figure 2-15 Wavelet Filtered Discha
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Figure 2-16 INTB Groundwater Model
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2.6 Seasonal Blocks As described in
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Table 2-6 Median (cfs) Flow by Bloc
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# # # Surface waters in this stretc
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3.1.3 Segmentation Segmentation was
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Figure 3-5 Dominant SAV and Median
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Figure 3-6 Sediment Characteristics
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Figure 3-7 Shoreline / Buffer Veget
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CHAPTER 4 - TIDE, SALINITY & WATER
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Two additional harmonic pairs were
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Figure 4-5. Median Bottom Salinity
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Figure 4-7 Salinity Range (1984-200
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uncovering in response to strong wi
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E) Salinity = β o + β 1 *Flow 2 +
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Additional exploratory attempts usi
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86 = 186 cfs, SWFWMD 1994-96 = 167
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A regression of the form below was
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Table 4-8 Median Water Quality of W
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Figure 4-10 Nitrate Concentration a
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CHAPTER 5 - BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIST
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Figure 5-1 Principal Component Anal
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measured volume sampled which was t
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5.2.2 Relation to inflow Response t
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Table 5-7 Location Response (km u )
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Table 5-9 Abundance Response to Inf
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animals can survive chronic exposur
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Figure 5-3 Number of Aerial Manatee
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Figure 5-5(a) Molluscan Presence /
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Table 5-11 Rank Order of Mollusc Ab
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Figure 5-5 Polymesoda caroliniana A
Page 108 and 109: Figure 6-1 Plankton Tow Flows Compa
Page 110 and 111: In application, a baseline area and
Page 112 and 113: 6.1.4 Benthos Protection for benthi
Page 114 and 115: Figure 6-3. Location of the Three P
Page 116 and 117: 7.2 Manatee Approach Establishing a
Page 118 and 119: Figure 7-2 Joint Probability of Occ
Page 120 and 121: Figure 7-3 Maximum Day Manatee Usag
Page 122 and 123: Figure 7- 6 Example Calculations fo
Page 124 and 125: Figure 7- 7 Estimation of Flow Redu
Page 126 and 127: Figure 7-8. Summary Results for the
Page 128 and 129: The reductions in flow that meet th
Page 130 and 131: probably accounts in part for the d
Page 132 and 133: Postel, S. and B.Richter. 2003. Riv
Page 134 and 135: Stanford, J.A., J.V.Ward, W.J. Liss
Page 136 and 137: Culter, J.K. 1986. Water Chemistry.
Page 138 and 139: CHAPTER 10 - APPENDICES 10.1 Append
Page 140 and 141: The wavelet used is the symmlets wa
Page 142 and 143: explains, the energy plot shows the
Page 144 and 145: 0 if no significant withdrawal Z =
Page 146 and 147: One advantage of using this regress
Page 148 and 149: Technical Memorandum January 22, 20
Page 150 and 151: Lecanto 1 & 2 #S Well Site Descript
Page 152 and 153: Figure 4. HSPF subbasins in the INT
Page 154 and 155: Most of the limestone mines located
Page 156 and 157: 3.1.3 Septic Tank Recharge in the S
Page 160 and 161: Basso, R.J., 2004, Hydrogeologic Se
Page 162 and 163: 10.2 Appendices - Chapter 3 Appendi
Page 164 and 165: 10.3 Appendices - Chapter 4 Appendi
Page 166 and 167: Appendix 4-2 Data Sources Water qua
Page 168 and 169: Appendix 4-3 Water Quality Trend Gr
Page 170 and 171: Water Quality Trend Graphics, conti
Page 180 and 181: United States Department of the Int
Page 182 and 183: October 8,2008 Florida Fish and Wil
Page 184 and 185: Martin Kelly, Ph.D. Page 3 October
Page 186 and 187: Scientific Peer Review of the Propo
Page 188 and 189: Determining a low flow need during
Page 190 and 191: Current state water policy, as expr
Page 192 and 193: Spring, Twin Dees Spring and possib
Page 194 and 195: under varying flow regimes. The fir
Page 196 and 197: Weeki Wachee Rainfall, Springflow a
Page 198 and 199: 6.0 Discharge:Precipitation (cfs/in
Page 200 and 201: Nevertheless, a major concern with
Page 202 and 203: system grid is not totally orthogon
Page 204 and 205: In a hydrodynamic model study, one
Page 206 and 207: analysis was rather cursory. The Di
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(taxa) richness in the WWRS. If the
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Freshwater Habitats Approximately 1
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ERRATA and EDITORIAL COMMENTS Page
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Page Paragraph Line Comment 14 Some
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Page Paragraph Line Comment 21 The
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Page Paragraph Line Comment 26 The
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REFERENCES Alber, M. 2002. A Concep
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Richter, B. D., J. V. Baumgartner,
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the regression equation used to pre
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and the three independent approache
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The Southwest Florida Water Managem
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the model in terms of tides, salini
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Attachment 1 - Comparison of salini
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Figure 1. Predicted drawdown (feet)
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