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What Research Has to Say About Reading Instruction - International ...

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• To identify research-validated planning and instructional<br />

practices for preparing students <strong>to</strong> meet the requirements of<br />

reading assessments<br />

Guiding questions<br />

• How can a teacher allocate time <strong>to</strong> the essential phases of test<br />

preparation (format practice, strategy instruction, and integrated<br />

curriculum for engaged reading)?<br />

• <strong>What</strong> are the potential hazards of high-stakes test preparation<br />

in classrooms and schools?<br />

• <strong>What</strong> are research-validated components of instruction for<br />

preparing students <strong>to</strong> take high-stakes reading tests?<br />

Key vocabulary<br />

• High-stakes tests: Tests or testing programs that are “used <strong>to</strong><br />

make important decisions about individual students, teachers,<br />

or schools” (p. 370)<br />

• Performance-oriented teacher: One who is concerned with<br />

“test scores, student achievement and external evaluations” (in<br />

contrast <strong>to</strong> a “learning-oriented teacher”; p. 386)<br />

• Self-efficacy: An individual’s belief in his or her capacity <strong>to</strong><br />

produce designated levels of performance and thereby <strong>to</strong> exercise<br />

influence over events; a component of intrinsic motivation<br />

Materials<br />

For each participant:<br />

✓ Chapter 16 of <strong>What</strong> <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Has</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Say</strong> <strong>About</strong> <strong>Reading</strong> <strong>Instruction</strong><br />

✓ Learning log<br />

For you:<br />

✓ Chart paper and markers<br />

Session Activities<br />

Initiating learning<br />

As described in session 9, the Anticipation/Reaction Guide helps<br />

learners activate background knowledge and determine the accuracy<br />

and validity of their understanding about a <strong>to</strong>pic.<br />

From the Professional Development Edition of <strong>What</strong> <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Has</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Say</strong> <strong>About</strong> <strong>Reading</strong> <strong>Instruction</strong><br />

(3rd ed.), © 2009 <strong>International</strong> <strong>Reading</strong> Association.<br />

47

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