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What Research Has to Say About Reading Instruction - International ...

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Coming Up: Get Ready for Session 6<br />

Beginning readers need phonetic awareness and decoding abilities, and<br />

they should be given opportunities <strong>to</strong> apply phonics skills. It’s important<br />

<strong>to</strong> realize, however, that research does not support one particular<br />

approach <strong>to</strong> phonics teaching over another. In “<strong>What</strong> We Know <strong>About</strong><br />

How <strong>to</strong> Teach Phonics,” Patricia and James Cunningham describe<br />

principles of effective teaching that apply across the curriculum and<br />

discuss application <strong>to</strong> phonics instruction and early literacy learning.<br />

Read this chapter and think about your own teaching of phonics and<br />

decoding (or, if you’re an upper-grade teacher, what you know about<br />

phonics). Keep these questions in mind:<br />

• According <strong>to</strong> the research findings described in this chapter, how<br />

should phonics be taught?<br />

• Why are multifaceted and multilevel instructional principles<br />

essential in teaching phonics?<br />

From the Professional Development Edition of <strong>What</strong> <strong>Research</strong> <strong>Has</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Say</strong> <strong>About</strong> <strong>Reading</strong> <strong>Instruction</strong> (3rd ed.),<br />

© 2009 <strong>International</strong> <strong>Reading</strong> Association.<br />

82

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