Booker T. Washington, Builder o - African American History

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Booker T. Washington, Builder of a Civilization. 192 Very truly, ------. Mr. Washington's patient, circumstantial, and constructively informative reply is characteristic of his method of Page 267 rejoinder. It also illustrates his habit of placing his reliance on facts and not on adjectives, and of so marshalling his facts that they fought his battles for him. He replied thus: 24.03.2006 Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, May 26, 1913. My DEAR SIR: Our Treasurer has shown me your letter of May 10th, in which you inquire as to why it should be necessary for Tuskegee to appeal to the public for additional funds, also stating that the Indians receive much less than Negroes in money and care. Under the circumstances, I thought you would not object to my making the following report to you, covering the inquiries suggested in your letter. The Indians from a financial standpoint are better off than any other race or class of people in this country. The 265,863 Indians in the United States own 72,535,862 acres of land, which is 273 acres for each Indian man, woman, and child. If all the land in the country were apportioned among the inhabitants there would be 20 acres per person. The value of property and funds belonging to Indians is $678,564,253, or $2,554 per capita, or about $10,000 per family. The Negroes, but lately emancipated, are by contrast poor and are struggling to rise. The Indians are carefully looked after by the United States Government. In addition to the elaborately organized Indian Bureau at Washington, there are six thousand (6,000) persons in the Indian field service, to especially look after and supervise them. There is one director, supervisor, or teacher for each 44 Indians. Some of the things that the Government does for the Indians are: Page 268 (1) Look after the health of the Indians; for this purpose there are in the field
Booker T. Washington, Builder of a Civilization. 193 one Medical Supervisor, 100 regular and 60 contract physicians, 54 nurses, and 88 field matrons. (2) Supervise their farming and stock raising. For the 24,489 Indians engaged in farming there are two general supervisors, 48 expert farmers, that is, men with experience and scientific knowledge, and 210 men in subordinate farming positions. Over $7,000,000 have been spent in irrigating lands for Indians. Congress in 1911 appropriated $1,300,000 for this purpose. For the 890,000 Negro farmers in the South, the United States Government maintains 34 Agricultural Demonstration Agents. For the supervision of the 44,985 Indians engaged in stock raising, the Government maintains 22 superintendents of live stock. For the 700,000 Negro farmers engaged in live stock raising there is only one Government expert working especially among them. (3) A system of schools is maintained by the Government for Indian children. For this purpose there are 223 day schools, 79 reservation boarding schools, and 35 boarding schools away from reservations. In these schools in 1911 there were 24,500 pupils. For the support of these schools the United States Government for 1912 appropriated $3,757,495. To assist in teaching the 1,700,000 Negro children in the South there was received in 1911 from the United States Government $245,518. In general the Indians are not taxed for any purpose. On the other hand, the Negroes are taxed the same as other persons and in this way contribute a considerable amount for their own education and the education of the whites. In this connection, I call your attention to the enclosed pamphlet "Public Taxation and Negro Schools." Page 269 I enclose herewith copy of my Last Annual Report, giving information as to the various activities of the Institution. Yours very truly, [Signed] BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. On October 25, 1915, a few weeks before he died, Mr. Washington delivered an 24.03.2006
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Booker T. Washington, Builder o - African American History

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