Opportunities for the smallholder sandalwood industry in ... - ACIAR

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The current marketing duopoly operating in Vanuatu was established to limit the volumes of sandalwood harvested from the small wild resource, while maintaining competition to ensure that resource owners gain a fair price. While this industry structure is highly appropriate for the current wild-harvest industry, it does not encourage larger investments for establishing planted sandalwood resources. The transition from the current system to an open market for planted sandalwood, however, needs to be managed carefully, since it is difficult to distinguish wild from cultivated trees. The current registration system for planted sandalwood administered by the VDoF may provide the means to allow two distinct systems of marketing to operate simultaneously. For example, individuals or organisations that accredit their plantations at or near establishment may be permitted to market their product on the international marketplace, while those without accreditation may need to market through the regulations set out for wild-harvested sandalwood. Growing other sandalwood species The sandalwood industry in Vanuatu is currently based on harvesting the only native species, S. austrocaledonicum. Although seed of S. album has been planted on Efate with a view to improving Vanuatu’s place in the international marketplace, further expansion of plantings of introduced sandalwood species is contentious, particularly with respect to (a) the potential impact on the marketing of a Vanuatu ‘branded’ product and (b) the high likelihood of other species hybridising with S. austrocaledonicum. The decision to allow the introduction of S. album into Vanuatu was undertaken without genuine industry and public consultation. Given the implications of this decision for both marketing and the biology of S. austrocaledonicum, it is recommended that this issue is given greater attention by the Government of Vanuatu and that a formal review is established to determine and document the policy position on the introduction of exotic sandalwood. 61
Conclusions and recommendations An estimated 1,800 smallholders have begun establishing small (
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Opportunities for the smallholder s
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The Australian Centre for Internati
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of the Vanuatu sandalwood industry.
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Socioeconomics of sandalwood produc
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Acknowledgments The authors recogni
Page 11 and 12: Summary Vanuatu is a developing cou
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Sandalwood (Santalum s
Page 15 and 16: (Fiji, Samoa and Tonga). The uncont
Page 17 and 18: 140,000 Sandalwood oil production (
Page 19 and 20: 120,000 Sandalwood oil production (
Page 21 and 22: Percentage of total Vanuatu exports
Page 23 and 24: the sustainability of wild-harvesti
Page 25 and 26: 120,000 100,000 Seedlings planted 8
Page 27 and 28: 25,000 Established sandalwood seedl
Page 29 and 30: 400 350 Heartwood production (tonne
Page 31 and 32: each of the three products, Summit
Page 33 and 34: Productivity of planted sandalwood
Page 35 and 36: 120 100 Heartwood yield (kg) 80 60
Page 37 and 38: Socioeconomics of sandalwood produc
Page 39 and 40: All input costs were expressed on a
Page 41 and 42: heartwood rotation. This sandalwood
Page 43 and 44: e beyond an individual smallholder
Page 45 and 46: NPV accumulated cash flow (US$) (di
Page 47 and 48: The data used to determine the size
Page 49 and 50: Table 6. Comparison of sandalwood o
Page 51 and 52: 90,000 80,000 70,000 Price (A$/tonn
Page 53 and 54: markets include growing consumer pr
Page 55 and 56: It is also possible to publish draf
Page 57 and 58: Box 2. Industry weaknesses and thre
Page 59 and 60: development strategies are based on
Page 61: or recognised through an accreditat
Page 65 and 66: References AAG (Australian Agribusi
Page 67 and 68: Mwang’ingo P.L., Tcklchaimanot Z.
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