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N e w s Chemicals/pollution/ accidents IPCS Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) 230: Nitrobenzene Nitrobenzene is a synthetic compound, most of which is used in the manufacture of aniline (a major chemical intermediate that is used to make polyurethanes). Numerous accidental deaths and poisonings in humans due to the ingestion of nitrobenzene have been reported. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Environmental Health Criteria series provides critical reviews of the potential health and environmental effects of chemicals and combinations of chemicals. They are primarily risk evaluations. Reviews are based on published and unpublished studies. The series is published under the joint sponsorship of UNEP, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC). EHS documents are produced in English, with French and Spanish summaries. The series is available from WHO and WHO sales agents. (2003). Pbk, 130p. ISBN 92-4-157218-3. WHO, Distribution and Sales, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Tel: +41 22 791 2476, Fax: +41 22 791 4857, E-mail: bookorders@who.ch, Internet: www.who.int. Radioactive Releases in the Environment: Impact and Assessment Artificial radionuclides have been injected into the environment by nuclear weapons testing and by accidents, notably the Chernobyl reactor accident in 1986. Very low levels are released to the environment in effluent from nuclear power stations and nuclear fuel cycle facilities. Production and use of radionuclides for medical and research purposes also leads to some environmental releases. Radioactive Releases in the Environment includes chapters on: general principles for managing radioactive wastes; environmental levels of radionuclides resulting from use of nuclear power in its various forms; and radionuclide releases from other industries. Among expected users are those responsible for providing radiological data or information for legislative and related purposes. John R. Cooper, Keith Randle and Ranjeet S. Sokhi (2003). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom, Tel: +44 1243 779 777; Fax: +44 1234 770 620; E-mail: cs-books@wiley. co.uk; Internet: www.wiley.com. Pbk., 473p. ISBN 0471 88924 0. (Also available in hardback.) 86 ◆ UNEP Industry and Environment April – September 2004
THE UNEP DIVISION OF TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY AND ECONOMICS Current uses and development of natural resources, technologies and production processes, as well as urbanization patterns, have negative effects on human health and the environment. This is illustrated by unsustainable use of water, land and energy, air and water pollution, persistent and toxic bio-accumulative chemicals in the food chain, and other industry-related problems. To have a healthy environment, we need to change how we produce and consume goods and services. This change involves revising and developing economic policies and trade practices, so as to integrate environmental issues in the planning and assessment processes. UNEP’s Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (UNEP DTIE) was created in 1998 to help decision-makers in governments, local authorities and industry develop and adopt policies and practices that: • are cleaner and safer; • use natural resources efficiently; • ensure adequate management of chemicals; • incorporate environmental costs; • reduce pollution and risks for humans and the environment. UNEP DTIE, whose main office is in Paris, is composed of: ◆ The International Environmental Technology Centre (Osaka), which promotes the adoption and use of environmentally sound technologies, with a focus on the environmental management of cities and freshwater basins, in developing countries and countries in transition. ◆ The Production and Consumption Unit (Paris), which fosters the development of cleaner and safer production and consumption patterns that lead to increased efficiency in the use of natural resources and reductions in pollution. ◆ The Chemicals Unit (Geneva), which promotes sustainable development by catalyzing global actions and building national capacities for the sound management of chemicals and the improvement of chemical safety world-wide, with a priority on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Prior Informed Consent (PIC, jointly with FAO). ◆ The Energy and OzonAction Unit (Paris), which supports the phase-out of ozone depleting substances in developing countries and countries with economies in transition, and promotes good management practices and use of energy, with a focus on atmospheric impacts. The UNEP/RISØ Collaborating Centre on Energy and Environment supports the work of this Unit. ◆ The Economics and Trade Unit (Geneva), which promotes the use and application of assessment and incentive tools for environmental policy, and helps improve the understanding of linkages between trade and environment and the role of financial institutions in promoting sustainable development. UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME DIVISION OF TECHNOLOGY, INDUSTRY AND ECONOMICS 39-43, QUAI ANDRE-CITROËN 75739 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE TEL: (33) 1 44 37 14 50 FAX: (33) 1 44 37 14 74 E-MAIL: unep.tie@unep.fr http://www.uneptie.org FEEDBACK If you would like to respond to something you’ve read here – to agree or disagree with a point of view, clarify a fact, or provide additional information – write to us. If you would like to air your views on any other subject relevant to Industry and Environment, we also hope to hear from you. As space is limited, we cannot guarantee to publish all letters, or to publish long ones in full. Send your Feedback letters to: Feedback Industry and Environment review UNEP DTIE Tour Mirabeau 39-43, quai André-Citroën 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Fax: +33 1 44 37 14 74 E-mail: unep.tie@unep.fr UNEP Industry and Environment April – September 2004 ◆ 87
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