Sheba

QUEEN OF SHEBA AND BIBLICAL SCHOLARSHIP 25
would no longer be persecuted and murdered because of their birth and
beliefs. David Ben Gurion (1886-1973), Israel’s first prime minister, read
the proclamation of statehood:
The Land of Israel was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their
spiritual, religious and national identity was formed. Here they achieved
independence and created a culture of national and universal
significance. Here they wrote and gave the Bible to the world. Exiled
from Palestine, the Jewish people remained, faithful to it in all countries
of their dispersion, never ceasing to pray and hope for their return and
the restoration of their national freedom. Accordingly we, the members
of the National Council, representing the Jewish people in Palestine and
the Zionist movement of the world, met together in solemn assemble
today, the day of the termination of the British Mandate of Palestine, by
virtue of the natural and historic right of the Jewish people and the
Resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations, hereby
proclaim the establishment of the Jewish state in Palestine, to be called
Israel. With trust in Almighty God, we set our hand to this declaration,
at this session of the Provisional State Council, in the city of Tel Aviv,
on this Sabbath eve, the fifth year of Iyar, 5708, the fourteenth day of
May, 1948.
After the establishment of the state of Israel, Israeli archaeologists set
to work in Albright’s footsteps, searching for evidence from the remote
past. Annually they were and are still joined by archaeologists and
enthusiasts from all over the world. Their work is eagerly studied by
millions of tourists, pilgrims, students, media personnel, and church
members, most of whom will never visit the sites, but whose lives are very
much governed by their history. Archaeologists are in general agreement on
the evidence that would support the Old Testament record. The biblical
narrative speaks of a violent invasion of Canaan by the Hebrew, an Iron
Age people who established a strong, centralized, and eventually extremely
wealthy state under David and Solomon. Archaeology would therefore
show a clear break, as a Bronze Age culture - typified by small political
groupings and a settled agricultural population - was dramatically
overwhelmed and reconstituted into a centralized Iron Age state dominated
by a huge alien pastoralist population undergoing urbanization, engaging in
massive public works programs and in international trade. Archaeology
would most certainly reveal widespread destruction and relocation.
From the very beginning archaeological investigations did not progress
as hoped. Albright was disappointed with his excavations at At-Tall
(identified as the biblical Ai) where he found no evidence of occupation in