Synergy User Manual and Tutorial. - THE CORE MEMORY

Synergy User Manual and Tutorial
of more data than was possible before about the country’s population, such as number of
children in family, etc. Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company in 1896 to
produce his improved counting machines and other inventions, one of which
automatically fed the cards into the counting machines. His system was used again for
the 1900 Census but because Hollerith demanded more that the cost to count the data by
hand, the Census Bureau was forced to develop its own system. In 1911, Hollerith’s
company merged with another company, becoming the Computer Tabulating Recording
Company but was nearly forced out of the counting machine market due to fierce
competition from new entrants. Hollerith retired his position of consulting engineer in
1921. Because of the efforts Thomas J Watson, who joined the company in 1918, the
company reestablished its position as a leader in the market by 1920. In 1924, Computer
Tabulating Recording Company was renamed as International Business Machines
Corporation (IBM). By 1928, punch card equipment will be attached to computers as
output devices and will also be used by L. J. Comrie to calculate the motion of the
moon. xii
In 1895, Italian physicist and inventor
Guglielmo Marconi sent the first
wireless message. Prior to his first
transmission, Marconi studied the works
of Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) and later
started to experiment with Hertzian
waves to transmit and receive messages
over increasing distances without the use
of wires. The messages were sent in
Morse code. He patented his invention
in 1896. After years of
experimentation and improvement,
especially with respect to distance, in
1897 Marconi named his company as the Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company. After
a series of takeovers and mergers, this company eventually became part of the General
Electric Company (GEC), which was eventually renamed Marconi Corporation plc in
2003. xiii In 1904, radio technology was improved by the
invention of the two-electrode radio rectifier, which was
the first electron tube, also called the oscillation valve or
thermionic valve (left). It is credited to John Ambrose
Fleming, a consultant to the Marconi Company. This
device was much more sensitive to radio signals then its
predecessor, the coherer. This invention inspired all
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