Synergy User Manual and Tutorial. - THE CORE MEMORY
Synergy User Manual and Tutorial. - THE CORE MEMORY
Synergy User Manual and Tutorial. - THE CORE MEMORY
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<strong>Synergy</strong> <strong>User</strong> <strong>Manual</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Tutorial</strong><br />
In 1977, DEC introduced the 32-bit<br />
VAX11/780 computer (left), which was<br />
used primarily for scientific <strong>and</strong> technical<br />
applications. The first machine was<br />
installed at Carnegie Mellon University<br />
with other units installed at CERN in<br />
Switzerl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Max Planck Institute<br />
in Germany. It could perform 1,000,000<br />
instructions per second <strong>and</strong> was the first<br />
commercially available 32-bit machine. liv<br />
In 1981, Motorola introduced one of the first<br />
32-bit instruction microprocessor offerings from<br />
their 68000 line of processors. The chip has 32-<br />
bit registers <strong>and</strong> a flat 32-bit address space,<br />
which could access a specific memory location,<br />
instead of blocks of memory like the 8086. It<br />
had a 16-bit ALU but had a 32-bit address adder<br />
for address arithmetic. It had eight generalpurpose<br />
registers <strong>and</strong> eight address registers. It<br />
used the last address register as a stack pointer<br />
<strong>and</strong> had a separate status register. It was<br />
initially designed as an embedded processor for<br />
household products but found its way into<br />
Amiga <strong>and</strong> Atari home computers <strong>and</strong> arcade<br />
computer games as a controller. It was also used in Apple Macintosh, Sun Microsystems<br />
<strong>and</strong> Silicon Graphics machines. The architecture of this chip was very similar to PDP-11<br />
<strong>and</strong> VAX machines, which made it very compatible with programs written in the c<br />
language. The chip has been used by auto manufacturers as controllers as well as in<br />
medical hardware <strong>and</strong> computer printers because of its low cost. Updated models of the<br />
processor are still used today in personal digital assistants (PDAs) <strong>and</strong> Texas Instruments<br />
TI-89, TI-92 <strong>and</strong> Voyage 2000 calculators. In 1988, Motorola introduced the 88000<br />
series processors, which were RISC-based, had a true Harvard architecture (separate<br />
instruction <strong>and</strong> data busses) <strong>and</strong> could perform 17 MIPS. lv<br />
In 1985, Inmos introduced the transistor computer (transputer) with its concurrent parallel<br />
microprocessing architecture. Single transputer chips would have all the necessary<br />
circuitry to work by themselves or could be wired together to form more powerful<br />
devices from simple controllers to complex computers. Chips of varying power <strong>and</strong><br />
complexity were available to serve a wide array of tasks. A low power chip might be<br />
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