Synergy User Manual and Tutorial. - THE CORE MEMORY

Synergy User Manual and Tutorial
it influenced the development of future languages. Almost all languages have been
developed with “ALGOL-like” lexical and syntactic structures that have hierarchal,
nested environment and control structures. ALGOL 60 had block structure for statements
and the ability to call subprograms by name or by value. It also had if-then-else control
statements for iteration and with recursive ability. ALGOL has a small number of basic
constructs with a non-restricted associated type and rules to combine them into more
complex constructs, of which some can produce values. ALGOL also had dynamic
arrays wit variable specified subscript ranges, reserved words for key functions that could
not be used as identifiers, and user defined data types to fit particular problems. A
sample ALGOL source code “Hello World!” program from the Web site referenced for
this information that runs on a Unisys A-series mainframe is: xxxii
BEGIN
FILE F (KIND=REMOTE);
EBCDIC ARRAY E [0:11];
REPLACE E BY "HELLO WORLD!";
WHILE TRUE DO
BEGIN
WRITE (F, *, E);
END;
END.
As of 1959, more that 200 programming languages had been created.
Between 1958 and 1959, both
Texas Instruments and Fairchild
Semiconductor Corporation were
introducing integrated circuits
(IC). TI’s Jack Kirby, an
engineer with a background in
transistor-based hearing aids,
introduced first IC (pictured left
from CNN), which was based on
a germanium semiconductor.
Soon after, one of Fairchild’s
founders and research engineers,
Robert Noyce, produced a
similar device based on a silicon
semiconductor. The monolithic
integrated circuit combined transistors, capacitors, resistors and all connective wiring on
a single semiconductor crystal or chip. Fairchild produced the first commercially
available ICs in 1961. Integrated circuits quickly became the industry standard
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