Synergy User Manual and Tutorial. - THE CORE MEMORY

Synergy User Manual and Tutorial
Pascal, based on ALGOL’s block structure, was released in 1970. An example “Hello
World!” Program in Pascal is:
Program Hello (Input, Output);
Begin
Writeln ('Hello World!');
End.
In 1968, Burroughs introduced the first computers that used integrated circuits—the
B2500 and the B3500. The same year Control Data built the CDC7600 and NCR
introduced their Century series computer—both using only integrated circuits.
In 1968, the Federal Information Processing Standard created the “The Year 2000 Crisis”
by encouraging the “YYMMDD” six-digit date format for information interchange. In
1968, the practice of structured programming started with Edsger Dijkstra’s writings
about the harm of the goto statement. This lead to wide use of control structures, such as
the while loop, to control iterative routines in programs. xliv Between 1968 and 1969,
NATO Science Committee held two conferences on Software Engineering, which is
considered to be the start of this field. From the 1960’s to the 1980’s, there was a
“software crisis” because many software projects had undesirable endings. Software
Engineering arose from the need to produce better software, on schedule and within the
anticipated budget. Essentially, Software Engineering is a set of diverse practices and
technologies used in the creation and maintenance of software for diverse purposes. xlv
In 1969, Bell Labs withdrew support from Project MAC and the Multics system to begin
development of UNIX. Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie began designing UNIX
in the same year. The operating system was initially named Uniplexed Information and
Computing System (UNICS) as a hack on Multics but was later changed. In the
beginning, UNIX received no financial support from Bell Labs. Some support was
granted to add text processing to UNIX for use on the DEC PDP-11/20. The text
processor was named runoff, which Bell Labs used to record patent information, and later
evolved into troff, the world’s first publishing program with the capability of full
typesetting. In 1973, it was decided to rewrite UNIX in C, a high level language, to
make it easily modifiable and portable to other machines, which accelerated the
development of UNIX. AT&T licensed use of this system to commercial, education and
government organizations.
In 1973, Dennis Ritchie developed the C programming language. C is a high level
programming language mainly to be used with UNIX. A sample “Hello World!”
program in C is:
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