KRONFELD ON GLIDING AND SOARING.pdf - Lakes Gliding Club

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CLOUD AND THUNDERSTORM SOARING 225 The finest thing about thunderstorm flying is that it affords us the best means of rendering ourselves entirely independent of the hill slopes. Often it is unnecessary to fly backwards and forwards or tack before the slope ; we just fly straight out, without the slightest turn, along the front of the roller. We are sky-high above the slope, which has lost all its influence on us ; as long as the storm travels and as far as it extends, we can travel with it. Nevertheless the very finest flight possibilities are to be obtained by a skilful combination of all the various forms of flight. It is easy to imagine how we may take advantage of all the different kinds of soaring on a single flight. The pilot starts from a hillside slope, having flown along it as far as he can. At the end of it he waits till the chance comes to fly under a cloud to the next mountain range which is no great distance away. From this he flies off again, and soon finds himself confronted by a great gap which it is impossible to cross unless he can gain height considerably. This he does by waiting for a mighty cloud, which he climbs through ; he then flies with and above it over the broad plain to his next point of support. If he has started off on a day on which the weather forecast indicates the probability of a thunderstorm, he has hit upon the very happiest conditions for long distance flight which can possibly be expected from our present knowledge of soaring flight. If he actually succeeds in getting into contact with the thunderstorm and in flying with it across country, and if he is capable of steady endurance, then this flight is bound to develop into a prodigious exploit. It is often possible to spend a whole day in the plane by making use of the successive changes in the weather conditions. We see how the methods of high efficiency soaring flight have been built up by experience gained in endurance flights, slope soaring, cloud flying and thunderstorm flying, and we must learn to take advantage of all these, singly and in combination, according to our needs. The possibilities of these various kinds of flying, particularly as regards cloud and thunderstorm flights, are by no means completely exhausted. By making use of our present knowledge of Q
226 KRONFELD ON GLIDING & SOARING them, we can already plan to fly for many hundreds of miles, at a height of thousands of feet above the earth. By the vast increase in skill and efficiency which they have brought with it cloud and thunderstorm flying has raised soaring flight far above the mere sport of its infancy on mountain slopes into the region of difficult scientific aerial research work. Such a flight as the one I have described above is not merely a struggle that brings out and develops the virile qualities in a man, but is also an enterprise and an adventure where new problems are constantly offered for solution. He who has made high efficiency flights in thunderstorms and with clouds knows well that there are forces which will not yield to horse-power. Victory over the mightiest forces of nature can only be obtained by wisdom, courage and thought.
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A SorvKXiu OF Tin: ATTIIOK'S VISITS
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Made and Printed in Great Britain b
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vi CONTENTS page A RECORD FLIGHT AB
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viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS No. Plat
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x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS No. Plate f
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xii LIST OF DIAGRAMS CURRENTS ON HI
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xiv FOREWORD cross-country flight f
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THE STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT
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STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 3 "
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1. AN EVENING FLIGHT OVER THE DUNES
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STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 5 t
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STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 7 i
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STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 9 a
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STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT n t
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STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 13
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STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 15
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TllE "t'lIAKLOTTE," A TAILLESS SOAK
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THE HISTORY OF SOARING FLIGHT THE l
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THE HISTORY OF SOARING FLIGHT 19 mu
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THE HISTORY OF SOARING FLIGHT 21 A
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THE HISTORY OF SOARING FLIGHT 23 de
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TIME BRINGS THE ANSWER FEW of the t
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6. OTTO LILIENTHAL, THE "FATHER OF
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TIME BRINGS THE ANSWER 27 work in a
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TIME BRINGS THE ANSWER 29 a hill of
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TIME BRINGS THE ANSWER 31 Not only
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SPEEDIER PROGRESS IN the history of
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S. OTTO LII.IEXTIIAL'S LAST MACHINE
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SPEEDIER PROGRESS 35 The developmen
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SPEEDIER PROGRESS 37 his advanced a
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SPEEDIER PROGRESS 39 to perform suc
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THE WRIGHTS 41 The Wrights calculat
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THE WRIGHTS 43 the brothers made st
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FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES OTHER men wer
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10. A VIEW OF THE WORKSHOP OF ETRU'
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FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES 47 only succe
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FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES 49 to unfores
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FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES 51 would neve
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FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES 53 he went to
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12. THE MACHINE BUILT BY KLEMPERER
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TEN YEARS OF COMPETITION & EXPERIEN
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RECORDS 63 succeeded in flying to w
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RECORDS 65 exactly along what lines
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RECORDS 67 and their records. Altho
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RECORDS 69 This feat of endurance w
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15. THE " ESPENLAUB 5 " IN FLIGHT.
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THE LEAN YEARS 71 In the year 1923,
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THE LEAN YEARS 73 interesting on ac
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^ ?%Vif o ItiJV .J
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THE LEAN YEARS 75 thirteen miles, w
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THE LEAN YEARS 77 to be carried out
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ON THE WAY TO SCIENTIFIC FLYING IN
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flights suggested by Professor Geor
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19. THE FAMOUS AIRCRAFT DESKJXEK, F
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ON THE WAY TO SCIENTIFIC FLYING 83
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22. NEHRING, A VERITABLE MASTER IN
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ON THE WAY TO SCIENTIFIC FLYING sti
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OUR EFFORTS REWARDED 91 The most im
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OUR EFFORTS REWARDED 93 From time t
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','4 THE "HAPACE." A FRENCH SOAKER
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OUR EFFORTS REWARDED 95 of an appro
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THE FIRST SIXTY-MILE SOARING FLIGHT
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4 4 At THE AUTHOR'S HKTTRX FROM HIS
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FIRST SIXTY-MILE SOARING FLIGHT 99
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,'30. THE " RnoxfiEisT " (SPIRIT OF
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1,500 0 L-. Facing page 1U4 32. KRO
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 107 and thirt
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 109 five hund
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT flying machin
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 113 me in the
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 115 at the be
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 117 another b
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 119 feet per
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 121 my though
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 123 living ar
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 125 want to w
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 127 near to u
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SOARING PILOTS REPORT 129 three tho
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN I MY RIDE WI
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 133 violentl
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THE PILOT'S SEAT IN THE " WIEN Faci
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 135 Gotha. I
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 137 to funct
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 139 place. T
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 141 unknown
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 143 possibil
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 145 IV SOARI
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SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 147 mingling
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THE GLIDING AND SOARING SCHOOL 149
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NORMAL. FLI&HT! HOW TO STEER -.., F
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HE TURNS TO THE RIGHT* HOW TO STEER
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44. STALLING : THE MOST DANGEROUS F
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CLIMBING PLIGHT OP A MOTOR PLANE. T
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ON THE WAY TO THE "B" TEST 169 " Th
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ON THE WAY TO THE " B " TEST 171 gi
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ON THE WAY TO THE " B " TEST 173 Th
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ON THE WAY TO THE " B " TEST 175 yo
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ON THE WAY TO THE " B " TEST 177 Gr
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THE SOARING COURSE 179 " Must we pu
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THE SOARING COURSE 181 of eight can
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THE ORDINARY CURVE NECESSARY FOR TH
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THE SOARING COURSE 183 nearer to it
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THE SOARING COURSE 185 make several
Page 244 and 245: 6O° 50. Facing page 186 AXIS OF= I
Page 246 and 247: HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS THE flight
Page 248 and 249: HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 189 distan
Page 250 and 251: HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 191 down,
Page 252 and 253: HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 193 both p
Page 254 and 255: a. KROMFHLD Facing page 1 LANDING,
Page 256 and 257: HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 195 lightl
Page 258 and 259: HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 197 accomp
Page 260 and 261: facing page TTIE PARALLELOGRAM OF V
Page 262 and 263: LONG DISTANCE SOARING 199 When vari
Page 264 and 265: LONG DISTANCE SOARING 201 many long
Page 266 and 267: LONG DISTANCE SOARING 203 planned f
Page 268 and 269: LONG DISTANCE SOARING 205 extremely
Page 270 and 271: LONG DISTANCE SOARING 207 The habit
Page 272 and 273: LONG DISTANCE SOARING 209 Sundays.
Page 274 and 275: CLOUD AND THUNDERSTORM SOARING 211
Page 278 and 279: 12,000 9,000 I 6,000 3,000 ATTEMPT
Page 282: 6300 ,•5600 Q£JUD UPWIND SLOPE U
Page 285 and 286: 2i8 KRONFELD ON GLIDING & SOARING F
Page 296 and 297: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING THE metho
Page 298 and 299: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 229 to oc
Page 300 and 301: tc c t Ci c t- c r th— C/- H K" V
Page 302 and 303: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 231 from
Page 304 and 305: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 233 examp
Page 306 and 307: 62. ESPENLAUB'S GLIDER THAT WAS TOW
Page 308 and 309: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 235 to th
Page 310 and 311: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 237 mater
Page 312 and 313: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 239 weigh
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Page 316 and 317: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 243 exerc
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Page 320 and 321: 64. NORMAL AUTO TOWEU START Facing
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Page 326 and 327: GO, A STATIONARY MOTOR-WINDLASS Fac
Page 328 and 329: AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 251 down
Page 330 and 331: THE CONSTRUCTION OF GLIDING AND SOA
Page 332 and 333: 68. TURNS IN AX AEROPLANE START. IF
Page 334 and 335: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 255 most
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Page 338 and 339: 71. A "ZOGLING" IN THE AIR. NOTE TH
Page 340 and 341: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 259 ing
Page 342 and 343: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 261 soar
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74. THE ELEVATOR. (The Darmstadt Ac
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 263 kind
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 265 even
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 267
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 269 taki
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 273 This
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 275 *^ r
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 277 O tf
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78. THE " RIIOXADLER," A DOUBLE-SEA
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 279 a &
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 281 open
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81. THE TRIPARTITE. ONE-SPARRED WIN
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COMPARATIVE SIZES OF WELL- KNOWN SA
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GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 289 in o
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WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 291 01 Hfc
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WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 293 All of
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WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 295 dust,
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WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 297 high e
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WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 299 We hav
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WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 301 past e
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THE TWO FRONTS AND THE WARM SECTION
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WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 305 There
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THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 307 pr
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THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 309 Th
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THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 311 No
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THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 313 th
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THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 315 is
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THE PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING THROUGH
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83. THE " FAFNIR " FLOWN BY GUNTKR
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 319 as well
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 321 This pe
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 323 Wasserk
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 325 Hurttig
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8/5. TIIK U.F.I). DAGLING. A PRIMAR
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 327 August
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 329 gliding
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 331 thermal
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 333 in view
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 335 permitt
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 337 perform
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PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 339 In seve
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THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FLIGHT THE Engl
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87. THE R.F.D. SAILPLANE. Span 14.G
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THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FLIGHT 343 in t
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THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FLIGHT 345 but
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Fttc!>'.g page 31G />// . / cuiirtc
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THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FLIGHT 347 see
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS OVER LONDON 349
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS OVER LONDON 351
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 353 T
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91. UKKR KHOXFELD'S u AUSTRIA " AT
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 355 t
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 357 m
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 359
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 361 t
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 363 a
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 365 c
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 367 e
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 369
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 371 o
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 373 T
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 375 b
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 377 P
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MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 379 p
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