KRONFELD ON GLIDING AND SOARING.pdf - Lakes Gliding Club

More documents

Recommendations

Info

WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 295 dust, the rustle of the leaves, or from the butterflies fluttering along with it. Before a straight wall opposing the direction of the wind we often find small heaps of dust parallel with it in summer and of snow in winter. These show us where the wind is forced to leave the earth in order to climb over the obstacle. In the space between the obstacle and the heap we find a windward eddy, while on the sheltered side a similar eddy is formed. This latter is known as the leeward eddy. Both these types of eddies can prove a danger to soaring and other pilots ; if they are strong enough they can produce up-currents in localities where we expect down-draughts and vice versa. The velocity of the wind increases when it has to climb over obstacles. The height to which the disturbing influences of a range of mountains extends and the distance before it at which the air currents begin to rise from the ground and touch it again on the farther side have been repeatedly observed and measured. As a rule all such measurements show a marked increase in proportion to the height of the mountains and the strength of the wind. Here are some approximate results of such measurements : Height of mountain 2,650 ft., sphere of influence 925 ft. » » » 4>95°» » » » I >300 » » >> » 8,250,, ,, ,, ,, 2,150 ,, ,> „ „ 11,000,, „ „ „ 3,300 „ A single measurement showed that a region of down-draught extended for a distance of thirty-three miles on the lee side of a mountain ridge eight thousand two hundred and fifty feet high and a distance of seven and a quarter miles on the lee side of a mountain of two thousand six hundred and fifty feet. The facts apply to the positions of the uprising currents in front of the mountains. All this is of the utmost importance to pilots undertaking long soaring flights. If, on the contrary, the wind blows across two ridges lying comparatively close to one another, the whole valley between them is usually filled with swirling currents above which the main stream passes on evenly. If the pilot is
10 vO w r o O en O O o r TWO HILLS FARTHER APART EACH PRODUCE ITS UP AND DOWN CURRENTS WINDWARD EDDY LEEWARD EDDY STEEPER SLOPES PRODUCE EDDIES TO WINDWARD AND TO LEEWARD STREAM OF CURRENTS ON SLOPES TWO ADJOINING HILLS PRODUCE SIMILAR CURRENTS TO ONE HIGHER, OWING TO THE FILLING UP OF THE VALLEY BETWEEN BY AN EDDY SIMPLE UP AND DOWN CURRENTS ON A MODERATE SLOPE
Page 2 and 3:
m X
Page 4 and 5:
A SorvKXiu OF Tin: ATTIIOK'S VISITS
Page 6 and 7:
Made and Printed in Great Britain b
Page 8 and 9:
vi CONTENTS page A RECORD FLIGHT AB
Page 10 and 11:
viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS No. Plat
Page 12 and 13:
x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS No. Plate f
Page 14 and 15:
xii LIST OF DIAGRAMS CURRENTS ON HI
Page 16 and 17:
xiv FOREWORD cross-country flight f
Page 18 and 19:
THE STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT
Page 20 and 21:
STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 3 "
Page 22 and 23:
1. AN EVENING FLIGHT OVER THE DUNES
Page 24 and 25:
STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 5 t
Page 26 and 27:
STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 7 i
Page 28 and 29:
STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 9 a
Page 30 and 31:
STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT n t
Page 32 and 33:
STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 13
Page 34 and 35:
STORY OF MOTORLESS HUMAN FLIGHT 15
Page 36 and 37:
TllE "t'lIAKLOTTE," A TAILLESS SOAK
Page 38 and 39:
THE HISTORY OF SOARING FLIGHT THE l
Page 40 and 41:
THE HISTORY OF SOARING FLIGHT 19 mu
Page 42 and 43:
THE HISTORY OF SOARING FLIGHT 21 A
Page 44 and 45:
THE HISTORY OF SOARING FLIGHT 23 de
Page 46 and 47:
TIME BRINGS THE ANSWER FEW of the t
Page 48 and 49:
6. OTTO LILIENTHAL, THE "FATHER OF
Page 50 and 51:
TIME BRINGS THE ANSWER 27 work in a
Page 52 and 53:
TIME BRINGS THE ANSWER 29 a hill of
Page 54 and 55:
TIME BRINGS THE ANSWER 31 Not only
Page 56 and 57:
SPEEDIER PROGRESS IN the history of
Page 58 and 59:
S. OTTO LII.IEXTIIAL'S LAST MACHINE
Page 60 and 61:
SPEEDIER PROGRESS 35 The developmen
Page 62 and 63:
SPEEDIER PROGRESS 37 his advanced a
Page 64 and 65:
SPEEDIER PROGRESS 39 to perform suc
Page 66 and 67:
THE WRIGHTS 41 The Wrights calculat
Page 68 and 69:
THE WRIGHTS 43 the brothers made st
Page 70 and 71:
FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES OTHER men wer
Page 72 and 73:
10. A VIEW OF THE WORKSHOP OF ETRU'
Page 74 and 75:
FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES 47 only succe
Page 76 and 77:
FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES 49 to unfores
Page 78 and 79:
FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES 51 would neve
Page 80 and 81:
FAMOUS CONTEMPORARIES 53 he went to
Page 82 and 83:
12. THE MACHINE BUILT BY KLEMPERER
Page 84 and 85:
TEN YEARS OF COMPETITION & EXPERIEN
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
RECORDS 63 succeeded in flying to w
Page 94 and 95:
RECORDS 65 exactly along what lines
Page 96 and 97:
RECORDS 67 and their records. Altho
Page 98 and 99:
RECORDS 69 This feat of endurance w
Page 100 and 101:
15. THE " ESPENLAUB 5 " IN FLIGHT.
Page 102 and 103:
THE LEAN YEARS 71 In the year 1923,
Page 104 and 105:
THE LEAN YEARS 73 interesting on ac
Page 106 and 107:
^ ?%Vif o ItiJV .J
Page 108 and 109:
THE LEAN YEARS 75 thirteen miles, w
Page 110 and 111:
THE LEAN YEARS 77 to be carried out
Page 112 and 113:
ON THE WAY TO SCIENTIFIC FLYING IN
Page 114 and 115:
flights suggested by Professor Geor
Page 116 and 117:
19. THE FAMOUS AIRCRAFT DESKJXEK, F
Page 118 and 119:
ON THE WAY TO SCIENTIFIC FLYING 83
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
22. NEHRING, A VERITABLE MASTER IN
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
ON THE WAY TO SCIENTIFIC FLYING sti
Page 128 and 129:
OUR EFFORTS REWARDED 91 The most im
Page 130 and 131:
OUR EFFORTS REWARDED 93 From time t
Page 132 and 133:
','4 THE "HAPACE." A FRENCH SOAKER
Page 134 and 135:
OUR EFFORTS REWARDED 95 of an appro
Page 136 and 137:
THE FIRST SIXTY-MILE SOARING FLIGHT
Page 138 and 139:
4 4 At THE AUTHOR'S HKTTRX FROM HIS
Page 140 and 141:
FIRST SIXTY-MILE SOARING FLIGHT 99
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
,'30. THE " RnoxfiEisT " (SPIRIT OF
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
1,500 0 L-. Facing page 1U4 32. KRO
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 107 and thirt
Page 154 and 155:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 109 five hund
Page 156 and 157:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT flying machin
Page 158 and 159:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 113 me in the
Page 160 and 161:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 115 at the be
Page 162 and 163:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 117 another b
Page 164 and 165:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 119 feet per
Page 166 and 167:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 121 my though
Page 168 and 169:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 123 living ar
Page 170 and 171:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 125 want to w
Page 172 and 173:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 127 near to u
Page 174 and 175:
SOARING PILOTS REPORT 129 three tho
Page 176 and 177:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN I MY RIDE WI
Page 178 and 179:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 133 violentl
Page 180 and 181:
THE PILOT'S SEAT IN THE " WIEN Faci
Page 182 and 183:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 135 Gotha. I
Page 184 and 185:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 137 to funct
Page 186 and 187:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 139 place. T
Page 188 and 189:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 141 unknown
Page 190 and 191:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 143 possibil
Page 192 and 193:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 145 IV SOARI
Page 194 and 195:
SOME FLIGHTS OF MY OWN 147 mingling
Page 196 and 197:
THE GLIDING AND SOARING SCHOOL 149
Page 198 and 199:
NORMAL. FLI&HT! HOW TO STEER -.., F
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
HE TURNS TO THE RIGHT* HOW TO STEER
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
44. STALLING : THE MOST DANGEROUS F
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
CLIMBING PLIGHT OP A MOTOR PLANE. T
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
ON THE WAY TO THE "B" TEST 169 " Th
Page 226 and 227:
ON THE WAY TO THE " B " TEST 171 gi
Page 228 and 229:
ON THE WAY TO THE " B " TEST 173 Th
Page 230 and 231:
ON THE WAY TO THE " B " TEST 175 yo
Page 232 and 233:
ON THE WAY TO THE " B " TEST 177 Gr
Page 234 and 235:
THE SOARING COURSE 179 " Must we pu
Page 236 and 237:
THE SOARING COURSE 181 of eight can
Page 238 and 239:
THE ORDINARY CURVE NECESSARY FOR TH
Page 240 and 241:
THE SOARING COURSE 183 nearer to it
Page 242 and 243:
THE SOARING COURSE 185 make several
Page 244 and 245:
6O° 50. Facing page 186 AXIS OF= I
Page 246 and 247:
HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS THE flight
Page 248 and 249:
HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 189 distan
Page 250 and 251:
HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 191 down,
Page 252 and 253:
HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 193 both p
Page 254 and 255:
a. KROMFHLD Facing page 1 LANDING,
Page 256 and 257:
HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 195 lightl
Page 258 and 259:
HIGH PERFORMANCE FLIGHTS 197 accomp
Page 260 and 261:
facing page TTIE PARALLELOGRAM OF V
Page 262 and 263:
LONG DISTANCE SOARING 199 When vari
Page 264 and 265:
LONG DISTANCE SOARING 201 many long
Page 266 and 267:
LONG DISTANCE SOARING 203 planned f
Page 268 and 269:
LONG DISTANCE SOARING 205 extremely
Page 270 and 271:
LONG DISTANCE SOARING 207 The habit
Page 272 and 273:
LONG DISTANCE SOARING 209 Sundays.
Page 274 and 275:
CLOUD AND THUNDERSTORM SOARING 211
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
12,000 9,000 I 6,000 3,000 ATTEMPT
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282:
6300 ,•5600 Q£JUD UPWIND SLOPE U
Page 285 and 286:
2i8 KRONFELD ON GLIDING & SOARING F
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING THE metho
Page 298 and 299:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 229 to oc
Page 300 and 301:
tc c t Ci c t- c r th— C/- H K" V
Page 302 and 303:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 231 from
Page 304 and 305:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 233 examp
Page 306 and 307:
62. ESPENLAUB'S GLIDER THAT WAS TOW
Page 308 and 309:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 235 to th
Page 310 and 311:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 237 mater
Page 312 and 313:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 239 weigh
Page 314 and 315:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 241 allow
Page 316 and 317:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 243 exerc
Page 318 and 319:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 245 the h
Page 320 and 321:
64. NORMAL AUTO TOWEU START Facing
Page 322 and 323:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 247 may b
Page 324 and 325:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 249 While
Page 326 and 327:
GO, A STATIONARY MOTOR-WINDLASS Fac
Page 328 and 329:
AUTO AND AEROPLANE TOWING 251 down
Page 330 and 331:
THE CONSTRUCTION OF GLIDING AND SOA
Page 332 and 333: 68. TURNS IN AX AEROPLANE START. IF
Page 334 and 335: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 255 most
Page 336 and 337: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 257 a da
Page 338 and 339: 71. A "ZOGLING" IN THE AIR. NOTE TH
Page 340 and 341: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 259 ing
Page 342 and 343: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 261 soar
Page 344 and 345: 74. THE ELEVATOR. (The Darmstadt Ac
Page 346 and 347: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 263 kind
Page 348 and 349: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 265 even
Page 350 and 351: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 267
Page 352 and 353: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 269 taki
Page 356 and 357: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 273 This
Page 358 and 359: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 275 *^ r
Page 360 and 361: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 277 O tf
Page 362 and 363: 78. THE " RIIOXADLER," A DOUBLE-SEA
Page 364 and 365: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 279 a &
Page 366 and 367: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 281 open
Page 372 and 373: 81. THE TRIPARTITE. ONE-SPARRED WIN
Page 374 and 375: COMPARATIVE SIZES OF WELL- KNOWN SA
Page 376 and 377: GLIDING AND SOARING PLANES 289 in o
Page 378 and 379: WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 291 01 Hfc
Page 380 and 381: WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 293 All of
Page 384 and 385: WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 297 high e
Page 386 and 387: WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 299 We hav
Page 388 and 389: WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 301 past e
Page 390 and 391: THE TWO FRONTS AND THE WARM SECTION
Page 392 and 393: WEATHER, WIND AND CLOUDS 305 There
Page 394 and 395: THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 307 pr
Page 396 and 397: THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 309 Th
Page 398 and 399: THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 311 No
Page 400 and 401: THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 313 th
Page 402 and 403: THE FUTURE OF SOARING FLIGHT 315 is
Page 404 and 405: THE PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING THROUGH
Page 406 and 407: 83. THE " FAFNIR " FLOWN BY GUNTKR
Page 408 and 409: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 319 as well
Page 410 and 411: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 321 This pe
Page 412 and 413: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 323 Wasserk
Page 414 and 415: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 325 Hurttig
Page 416 and 417: 8/5. TIIK U.F.I). DAGLING. A PRIMAR
Page 418 and 419: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 327 August
Page 420 and 421: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 329 gliding
Page 422 and 423: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 331 thermal
Page 424 and 425: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 333 in view
Page 426 and 427: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 335 permitt
Page 428 and 429: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 337 perform
Page 430 and 431: PROGRESS OF SAILPLANING 339 In seve
Page 432 and 433:
THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FLIGHT THE Engl
Page 434 and 435:
87. THE R.F.D. SAILPLANE. Span 14.G
Page 436 and 437:
THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FLIGHT 343 in t
Page 438 and 439:
THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FLIGHT 345 but
Page 440 and 441:
Fttc!>'.g page 31G />// . / cuiirtc
Page 442 and 443:
THE ENGLISH CHANNEL FLIGHT 347 see
Page 444 and 445:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS OVER LONDON 349
Page 446 and 447:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS OVER LONDON 351
Page 448 and 449:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 353 T
Page 450 and 451:
91. UKKR KHOXFELD'S u AUSTRIA " AT
Page 452 and 453:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 355 t
Page 454 and 455:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 357 m
Page 456 and 457:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 359
Page 458 and 459:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 361 t
Page 460 and 461:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 363 a
Page 462 and 463:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 365 c
Page 464 and 465:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 367 e
Page 466 and 467:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 369
Page 468 and 469:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 371 o
Page 470 and 471:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 373 T
Page 472 and 473:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 375 b
Page 474 and 475:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 377 P
Page 476:
MY SOARING FLIGHTS IN ENGLAND 379 p
show all

KRONFELD ON GLIDING AND SOARING.pdf - Lakes Gliding Club

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?