Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 The Yves Rocher Foundation actions for conservation of nature and supports to botany CAMBORNAC M. Laboratoires Yves Rocher France. E-mail: michel.cambornac@yrnet.com The Yves Rocher Foundation for the protection of nature was created in 1991 and placed under the aegis of the Institute of France in 2001. The foundation supports local and global nature-preservation, solidarity and environmental-education initiatives in more than 50 countries worldwide. The foundation is working each days to create a greener world through several main actions: The Women of Earth Award, The Plant for the Planet operation with a program of 50 millions of trees, with a project in Sicily, The support to Botany knowledge, in historical and botanical gardens, in books publications and since more 10 years Tela-Botanica French network, which is presenting a free electronic database on flora of North Africa in this congress. 105
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Reproductive success in the herkogamous spring geophyte Crocus etruscus (Iridaceae) CARTA A., CAMPIGLI S., BEDINI G., PERUZZI L. Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. E-mail: acarta@biologia.unipi.it Spatial separation of male and female reproductive structures in hermaphrodite flowers is a widespread floral trait that has traditionally been viewed as an adaptation that reduces the likelihood of self-pollination. The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae), consists of about 100 species occurring from western Europe to western China. In Italy, 15 species of Crocus occur, and five of them are endemic to the country. In particular, Crocus etruscus Parl. is endemic to Central Tuscany and shows a continuous variation in herkogamy levels, spanning from stigma located at higher to lower position than anthers. Fruits ripe at soil level and contain about 30 dormant seeds. To quantify the relationships between sexual organ position and plant reproductive fitness, we analysed the effect of different breeding systems and of herkogamy degree on female reproductive success. We performed hand pollination experiments involving spontaneous and forced self-pollination of short-styled and long-styled flowers and also all possible cross-pollinations. We also studied the reproductive success of 50 flowers spanning a gradient of separation between anthers and stigma under open pollination conditions in the natural habitat. Logistic regressions indicated a significant effects of breeding systems on fruit and seed set and we conclude that C. etruscus is self-incompatible (Self Incompatibility Index sensu Lloyd & Schoen; SCI = 0.3). Moreover, linear regression showed a significant negative effect of herkogamy on seed set of open-pollinated flowers. Thus, the species avoids self-interference by self-incompatibility, but interestingly shows also a certain degree of spatial separation of male and female reproductive structures within the same flower. 106
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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