Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 The Daucus carota complex in France: advancement of research, focus on Mediterranean situation REDURON J.-P. 1 , GEOFFRIAU E. 2 1 VIA APIA 10 rue de l’Arsenal 68100 Mulhouse, France. E-mail: jp.reduron@hrnet.fr 2 Unité Filière légumière et semencière AGROCAMPUS OUEST Centre d'Angers Institut National d'Horticulture et de Paysage UMR 1259 GenHort - Angers, France. A pluridisciplinary research program has been going on for several years on the Daucus carota L. complex in France. Many field studies were made for both inland and coastal populations. More than 100 populations were visited, studied in their biotopes, gathered and comparatively cultivated. The following disciplines were then applied: - adult plant morphology, - seedling morphology, - floral biology, - genetics (microsatellite), - agronomical tests (controlled hybridizations, resistance against pests and diseases…). Preliminary first results mainly concerning the Mediterranean flora are presented. Within the subgroup gummifer, the Atlantic and Mediterranean entities must be kept separate; on the Atlantic coast, the North-West group and the Basque group are genetically distinct. All the Corsican populations visited are genetically distinct from all others studied, including those of the continental Mediterranean seashore of France. A focus is made on subsp. maritimus and subsp. hispanicus and their situation is discussed. Résumé Depuis plusieurs années, un programme pluridisciplinaire de recherche est en cours à propos du complexe de Daucus carota L. sur le territoire français. De nombreuses prospections ont été faites à l’intérieur des terres et sur l’ensemble des littoraux de France continentale et de Corse. Plus d’une centaine de populations ont été visitées, étudiées sur place, récoltées puis cultivées de façon comparative. Les disciplines suivantes ont été appliquées : - morphologie de la plante adulte, - morphologie de la plantule, - biologie florale, - génétique (microsatellites), - essais agronomiques (hybridations contrôlées, résistance aux maladies…). De premiers résultats concernant la flore méditerranéenne sont ici présentés. Dans le sous-groupe gummifer, les ensembles atlantiques et méditerranéens doivent être séparés ; sur la façade atlantique, on note 2 sous-ensembles génétiquement distincts (Nord-Ouest / Pays basque). Les populations corses sont génétiquement isolées de toutes les autres, y compris de celles du littoral méditerranéen continental. La situation des subsp. maritimus et subsp. hispanicus est détaillée et débattue. 85
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Phylogenetic relationships of Careae and related tribes of Apiaceae PAPINI A. Dept. of Biology, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy. E-mail alpapini@unifi.it Tribe Careae Baill. (family Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae Seem.) is composed by some quite well known genera such as Carum L. to which belongs the cultivated Carum carvi (Papini & al. 2007. Genet. Molec. Biol. 30(2): 475-482), together with other less known genera, some of which particularly interesting for their growth form and their ecological niche, such as Chamaesciadium C. A. Meyer (Papini 2006. Fl. Medit. 16: 5-15). The closest sister group to tribe Careae is Pyramidoptereae Boiss., whose most important genus (for species number) is Bunium L. (Degtjareva & al. 2009. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 160: 149-170). Our results and those by other authors, such as Degtjareva & al. (2009) show that Carum is polyphyletic, with some members of Careae (part of genera) appearing to be more strictly related to Pyramidopterae. Of particular interest is the relationship between Carum and Bunium. The results by Degtjareva & al. (2009) show that Bunium is constituted by at least four clades separated one from each other. One of these clades (that containing Bunium bulbocastanum) appears to be the sister group of the monotypic Hellenocarum, an amphy-adriatic mediterranean genus (formerly known as Carum multiflorum). Bunium pinnatiflium appears to be related to asiatic genera and to Carum heldreichii, a rare species endemic of south mediterranean mountains. Carum apuanum appears to be distantly related to the rest of Carum, while it appears to be nested within genus Scaligeria (insufficiently sampled until now) and, together with this genus, it is the sister group of most of the Pyramidoptereae. Tribe Careae appears to contain much less species than those that were included in before, with Carum carvi L. (the typic species of genus Carum) forming a clade with Fuernrohria, Falcaria, Aegopodium, Chamaesciadium, Rhabdosciadium, Aegokeras and Grammosciadium (Papini 2006). Conclusion - The here presented phylogenetic analysis shows that the molecular data (nuclear rDNA ITS sequences) conflict largely with the traditional classification based on morphological data, largely obtained from the fruit. We conclude that morphological characters related to the fruit appear to show often parallelism and hence homoplasy (Degtjareva & al. 2013. Pl. Syst. Evol. 299(5): 985- 1010). As a consequence new morphological characters patterns are needed to better indentify and distinguish many members of Careae from other genera belonging to Pyramidoptereae. 86
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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