Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Tracking floral nectar composition along phylogeny in Cerinthe (Boraginaceae - Lithospermeae): preliminary evidence NOCENTINI D. 1 , PACINI E. 1 , GUARNIERI M. 1 , SELVI F. 2 , CECCHI L. 2 , NEPI M. 1 1 Life Science Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. 2 Dept. of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Florence, Florence, Italy. E-mail: federico.selvi@unifi.it The chemistry of floral nectar in angiosperms is known to be influenced by numerous constraints. Phylogenetic relationships, environmental conditions and pollinators are the major factors that affect the composition of nectar, resulting in a different degree of variability among plant groups and across different taxonomic levels. Here we report and discuss preliminary results about the carbohydrate chemistry of the floral nectar of species and subspecies of Cerinthe (Boraginaceae – Lithospermeae). Based on a recent systematic and phylogenetic study, this genus includes two lineages: section Cerinthe (C1), with the group of C. major (three subspecies major, oranensis and purpurascens) and Ceranthe (C2), with C. retorta, C. palaestina, C. glabra, C. tenuiflora and the group of C. minor (including the three subspecies minor, auricolata and cleiostoma). Analyses were performed with HPLC methods using at least five nectar samples for each species/subspecies sampled in the years 2010-2013 from plants grown in the wild or cultivated in botanical gardens. The mean concentration of total carbohydrates in Cerinthe was about 405.8 µg•µl-1 (35°Brix equivalent), and ranged from 73.9 to 881.6 µg•µl-1 in C. retorta and C. minor subsp. cleiostoma, respectively. Average sugar concentration was higher in taxa of section C2 (349.2 vs. 438.1 µg•µl-1 in taxa of section C1) and displayed a wider range of variation. The subspecies of C. minor showed some of the highest concentrations (mean of the species around 600 µg•µl-1), whereas the other species of the same section (C. tenuiflora, C. palaestina and C. retorta) showed significantly lower concentrations (on average about 200 µg•µl-1). The floral nectar of Cerinthe is composed mainly of sucrose, that most probably serves as an attraction for pollinators such as bees. Glucose and fructose are the dominant sugars, while polymers of the galacturonic acid, melezitose and melibiose, are minor carbohydrates, not always present. The relative percentages of major sugars range from 86% (C. minor subsp. auricolata) to 99.6% (C. major subsp. purpurascens) and a clear sucrose dominance was found in all taxa, with glucose and fructose almost equally represented. Sucrose percentage was higher in the accessions of section C2 (90.3% vs. 86.4% found in taxa of C1). A clear distinction was observed between the subspecies of C. minor (86.5% of sucrose) and the other species of the section, that show the highest values (on average ca. 94%). The present results suggest that phylogenetic relationships affect carbohydrate composition of floral nectar in Cerinthe. 135
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 On the application of the Linnaean names Cucubalus reflexus, Silene nocturna and S. mutabilis (Caryophyllaceae) PERUZZI L. 1 , JARVIS C. E. 2 , CARTA A. 1 1 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Italy. E-mail: lperuzzi@biologia.unipi.it 2 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, U.K. Recent work on the Silene nocturna complex in the Central Mediterranean area shows the existence of at least two species/three taxonomic units: S. neglecta Ten., S. nocturna L. subsp. nocturna and S. nocturna subsp. capraria (Sommier) Peruzzi & Carta. However, two other Linnaean names apart from S. nocturna L. (1753) (typified by Herb. Linn. No. 583.8, LINN!), are involved in this complex. Cucubalus reflexus L. (1753) (≡ Silene reflexa (L.) Ait.), typified by Herb. Linn. No. 582.22 (LINN!), has been considered a tentative synonym of S. nocturna. Silene mutabilis L. (1755) has not been formally typified (though the only original material available is Herb. Linn. No. 583.16, LINN!) and has similarly been regarded as a synonym of S. nocturna. Notoriously, this group of plants is not easy to observe in flower (especially in herbarium specimens) and, as many vegetative character-states partially overlap, the most reliable diagnostic characters are seed features. We have recently had the opportunity to examine the Linnaean type/original material closely, including the seeds. It is concluded that the name S. nocturna, which is based on cultivated material, correctly matches its current application. However, the name S. reflexa is applicable to a taxon with relatively long pedicels and small seeds with the cells of the dorsal part of the testa arranged in two complete rows. As a result, if recognized at species rank, S. reflexa is the earliest name for the taxon currently known as S. nocturna subsp. capraria. This taxon has been supposed to be a narrow endemic restricted to the island of Capraia in the Tuscan Archipelago, but it is very likely that it in fact shows a wider geographical distribution. Finally, the name S. mutabilis, which has relatively long pedicels and large seeds with the cells of the dorsal part of the testa polygonal in outline, refers to the taxon currently known as S. neglecta, and the Linnaean name is therefore the earliest name for this species. 136
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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