Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 The floristic heritage of the Nuova Gussonea botanic garden on Mt. Etna (Southern Italy) POLI MARCHESE E., TURRISI R. E. Catania. E-mail: epolimar@unict.it, turrisirosario@yahoo.it The Nuova Gussonea botanic garden was founded in 1979. It is located on Mt. Etna at 1700 m a.s.l., covering an area of about 10 hectares. Year after year a lot of species have been introduced in the garden and many of them have spontaneously spread. In this work it is pointed out the floristic richness of the garden since beginning until recent time (2011). The data have been collected through field observations and examining herbarium material, annual census-papers and literature data (Poli Marchese & al. 1988. Arch. Bot. Biog. Ital. 63: 48-69; Poli Marchese & al. 2003. Bocconea 16 (2): 1149-1170; Poli Marchese & Turrisi 2007. Boll. Acc. Gioenia Sci. Nat. 40 (368): 51-91.). The results obtained allow to highlight the diversity of the flora living in the garden in different periods; such flora is made up by native and introduced species. The native species identified are 141, 136 of which were found in a first period (Poli Marchese & al. 1988), 5 more in latest times: Veronica verna L. subsp. verna, Monotropa hypopitys L., Viscum album L. subsp. album, Potentilla micrantha Ramond, Castanea sativa Miller. Every year many plants are introduced in the garden, coming from different Etnean sites, located at various altitudes and slopes. For each species many specimens are introduced. At the very beginning more than 2000 plants had been introduced to organize specific areas and to install arboreal communities (Poli Marchese 1986. Atti Conv. su: I giardini di montagna: 147-151. Torino). Then, up to 2011, nearly 3200 plants of about 700 different species and subspecies were introduced in the garden. Therefore, to sum up, all plants introduced up to 2011 are nearly 5200. The floristic heritage of the Etnean botanic garden presents a wide diversity. It includes many significant species as: endemics (Anthemis aetnensis Schouw, Scleranthus perennis subsp. vulcanicus (Strobl) Bég., Betula aetnensis Raf., etc.), species which are largely widespread in Sicily, but very rare on Mt. Etna (Quercus suber L., Pistacia lentiscus L., etc.), species of which the Sicilian sites are only on Mt. Etna (Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. subsp. septentrionale, Acer platanoides L., etc.), species which have been recently identified on the Etnean area (Epilobium dodonaei var. palustre Burn., Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) T. Durand & Schinz, Crambe hispanica L., etc.), a new hybrid (Saponaria sicula Raf. x S. officinalis L.), and many more. In conclusion, it can be stated that the Nuova Gussonea botanic garden, due to its rich and significant flora, plays a very important role for the biodiversity conservation. Not to mention the fact that the Etnean territory is located in a natural park (Mt. Etna natural park) and belongs to the UNESCO world heritage. Moreover, it has to be underlined that this garden adheres, as well as many botanic gardens, to the strategies and actions ratified by international conventions concerning biodiversity conservation. 137
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Genetic diversity in Sicilian populations of Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) RAIMONDO F. M., GUARINO R., SCIALABBA A., SPALLINO R. E. Dipartimento STEBICEF/Sezione di Botanica ed Ecologia vegetale – Laboratorio Sistema Madonie (Castelbuono), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. E-mail: francesco.raimondo@unipa.it Quercus ilex L. constitutes the floristic element that best summarizes the characteristics of the climate and the Mediterranean landscape. The distribution range of this oak displays bioclimatic features along with biogeographical ones, as on the one hand identifies the space pertaining to the Mediterranean evergreen forest and on the other hand it outlines quite well the Mediterranean phytogeographic region. This species is well known for a relevant phenotypic variability, in part already treated by taxonomists at the infraspecific level. In fact, besides of the nominal subspecies and some varieties, the subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.[= Q. rotundifolia Lam., Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia (Lam.) T. Morais] is widely accepted as a well distinct taxon, ranging all over the Iberian Peninsula and North-West Africa. Recent studies on the genetic structure of the Italian populations of Q. ilex, demonstrated their high diversity, which turned out to be particularly accentuated in the Sicilian metapopulation (Fineschi & al. 2005. Ann. For. Sci. 62:79-84). On the basis of the possible contacts between the populations of North Africa, in particular, with the Sicilian one, the morphological and ecological variability existing within the latter can be interpreted as the result of processes of hybridisation – probably followed by introgression processes – occurred among the populations of Q. ilex subsp. ballota and those of Q. ilex subsp. ilex. Another possible reason for such variability could be – instead of a simple contact – the past inclusion of the Sicilian Island into the distribution area of Q. ilex subsp. ballota, whose population could then be maintained on the highest part of some mountains, such as those of Madonie, where it survived up to the present day. This hypothesis would explain the rather unusual direct contact of the holm oak forests of Quacella with the beechwoods in the same area, as well as the high altitude reached (over 1750 m above sea level) by this population in the context of the distribution area of Quercus ilex s.l. So, the holm oak forests of Madonie heights should be regarded as a different population than Q. ilex subsp. ilex, and closer if not equal to Q. ilex subsp. ballota. Indeed, the morphological and ecological analysis conducted on the population of the Madonie mountains highlighed the divergent features from the nominal subspecies and closer characteristic to the subsp. ballota. Quite interestingly an ethnobiologic investigation drove to similar results, since the mountain populations of holm oak are traditionally distinct by charcoal producers as “ilici muscarinu”, juxtaposed to the normal holm-oak (simply named “ilici”) because of its harder and much durable wood. In conclusion, this seems to be an interesting case study that induced the authors to start a biomolecular study with the purpose to better characterize the genomic features of such critical Sicilian population, in order to compare it with representative populations of the Italian Peninsula, North Africa and Spain. Preliminary results of this study already show that the individuals of the investigated mountain population share a common ancestry and, at the same time, they appear to be genetically distant from the rest of the Sicilian populations, including the ones in the rest of the Madonie area, as well as those from Pantelleria and from the island of Capri, adopted for comparison. 138
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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