Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Effect of tree architecture on pollen dispersal and mating patterns in a low density population of Abies pinsapo (Pinaceae) SÁNCHEZ−ROBLES J. M. 1 , TERRAB A. 1 , GARCÍA−CASTAÑO J. L. 1 , BALAO F. 1,2 1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. E-mail: anass.terrab@gmail.com 2 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Plant architecture is crucial to pollination and mating in wind pollinated species; however, it has rarely been studied in conifers. Here, we investigated the effect of crown architecture on pollen dispersal and mating system of the monoecious Abies pinsapo by genotyping 598 embryos from three height levels in five mother plants with eleven nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSRs) in a low-density population. Paternity analysis and mating system models were used to infer mating and pollen dispersal parameters. In addition, seeds were weighed (N = 16,110), germinated (N = 736), and seedling vigour was measured to investigate inbreeding depression. Overall, A. pinsapo showed a fat-tailed dispersal kernel but a short average pollination distance (113 m direct estimate, 227 m indirect estimate), a low migration rate among populations (0.84–26.92% direct estimates, 15% indirect estimate) and a very low number of effective pollen donors (Nep = 3.5–11.9). A strong effect of tree height and height level on mating parameters was found. Higher rates of seeds with embryo (about 50 %) and self-fertilization (about 60%) were found at the bottom level of cone distribution than at the top level. Seed weight and seedling vigour were positively related. Nevertheless, no differences were found either in seed weight or in seedling-related variables for the different height levels in the tree (which differed in selfing rate) suggesting absence of inbreeding depression. The evolution of a mixed mating system in A. pinsapo is discussed in terms of reproductive assurance, pollen limitation and gender architectural effects. 143
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Results of efforts made for in situ and ex situ conservation of Abies nebrodensis (Pinaceae) in Sicily SCHICCHI R. 1 , RAIMONDO F. M. 2 , MAZZOLA P. 1 , BAZAN G. 1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. E-mail: rosario.schicchi@unipa.it 2 Dipartimento STEBICEF/Sezione di Botanica ed Ecologia vegetale, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei is a heavily threatened relict endemic species, consisting of a wild population formed by a whole of 30 individuals confined in a small area in the Polizzi Generosa district, within the Madonie Natural Park, north Sicily. The threaten of extinction is mainly due to the slightness of the population only part of which is made of fertile specimens, and besides to the risk of genetic pollution caused by the occurrence of Abies alba Mill., A. cephalonica Loudon and A. nordmanniana (Stefen) Spach rather recently introduced all around the distribution area. Since 2002, the Park of Madonie Office, backed by both the Palermo University botanists and the Azienda Regionale Foreste Demaniali staff, has set up a both technical and scientific programme for in situ and ex situ conservation of A. nebrodensis. In particular, between 2002 and 2005 a Life Natura programme has been fulfilled aimed at to protect and genetically characterize of the wild A. nebrodensis population and its progeny in its range, by surveying of the wild renewal and the occurrence of exotic firs, the setting up a seedling nursery and the plantation of several experimental parcels. Since 2010 this programme is carried on by means a plan granted by CIPE in which also the restoration of small Sphagnum bogs scattered around the range of A. nebrodensis in the district of di Geraci Siculo is included. In the last 10 years these activities have given the following results: - Controlled pollination inside the A. nebrodensis wild population has been carried out in order to increase its genetic variability and to produce a genetically pure seed stock. More than 95% strobiles produced fertile seeds from which 5.000 partly mycorrhized seedlings were obtained. - The experimental parcels have shown that the best plantations are located on quartzarenite ground, in north-facing places between 1000 and 1500 m elevation. - Genetic analysis has pointed out a considerable individual diversity in the wild population; besides a close correlation among mature wild individuals and their seedlings, both wild as cultivated in the nursery, has been observed. - About 5.000 mostly mature exotic fir specimens have di been localized, more than 1000 of which have been graft by shoots of A. nebrodensis. This, in order to increase its population and to exploit as rootstock other firs to be cut down to avoid a serious conservational danger. - The rescue of the marshy body of the “Urgo di Pietra Giordano” has been carried outby removing , through naturalistic engineering technique, damages provoked in the past and restoring the water supply essential to re-establish the previous peat bog plant community. - In the wild population active renewal process has been observed around 8 of the 24 specimens producing fertile strobiles. Indeed, with respect to the 45 ones first recorded, the wild individuals (including seedlings) now observed throughout the range A. nebrodensis are 151. These are 1-30 years old and up to 42 cm high. The increased number of seed born individuals on account of the above outlined actions for the in situ conservation shows a remarkable reversal of trend in the A. nebrodensis population dynamic. 144
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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