Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 An overview of the family Apiaceae in Turkey MENEMEN Y. Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Kırıkkale. E-mail: ymenemen@yahoo.com Turkey is one of the reachest countries in the temperate zone in terms of plant diversity and regarded as a gene centre for many plant groups. The main reasons for this wealth are as follows: existance of a variety of climates, geological and geomorhic variation, topographic diversity, many different habitats, three presence of three major phytogeographical regions (Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian), altitude variations ranging from sea level to 5000m and an interesting historical background since the tertiary period to modern times. Turkey's flora attracts the attention of a large number of domestic and foreign scientists. Approximately every ten days, a new plant from Turkey is described as new to science. It is thought that there is a need for a new illustrated Turkish Flora. Therefore, Turkish botanists have decided to collaborate on this project. This Flora is planned to be completed by 2023, the hundredth anniversary of the foundation of the Turkish republic. As a preparatory work for this new Flora, a plant checklist has been prepared with the participation of mainly young Turkish botanists. The Apiaceae is one of the large plant families that attracts the attention of botanists, and it is the ninth largest family with 475 species, 37 subspecies and 15 varieties in Turkey. The family contains 177 endemic taxa, ten are subspecies, and eight are varieties and the rest are species. Nearly 34% of the taxa are endemic and 52 genera are represented by a single species. The types of 54 taxa (besides the endemics) are from Turkey (18 of which are syntypes). The phytogeographic regions of 280 Apiaceae taxa have been determined: 120 Irano-Turanian element, 44 Euro-Sibirian and 116 Mediterrranean element. 87
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Why is in situ conservation of species so difficult? An overview of the issues HEYWOOD V. School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, U.K. E-Mail: v.h.heywood@ reading.ac.uk Although the CBD Article 8 clause (d) is quite explicit: ‘Promote the maintenance … of viable populations of species in natural surroundings’, the conservation of species in situ is one of the least understood issues of biodiversity conservation. The main general aim and long-term goal of in situ conservation of target species is to protect, manage and monitor selected populations in their natural habitats so that the natural evolutionary processes can be maintained, thus allowing new variation to be generated in the gene pool that will allow the species to adapt to changing environmental conditions. In situ species conservation covers a broad spectrum of activities ranging from the preparation and implementation of detailed single-species recovery plans in the case of species that are critically endangered (which the CBD includes under ex situ conservation!), through vigilance and monitoring for those species that are rare, not threatened or only vulnerable, to various forms and degrees of management intervention which affect either the species populations concerned or the habitats/areas in which they occur or both. An approach that has gained widespread acceptance in some parts of Europe is the establishment of micro-reserves. In practice, the conservation of species in situ depends critically on identifying the habitats in which they occur and then protecting both the habitat and the species through various kinds of management and/or monitoring. In the case of threatened species, their conservation in situ also requires that the threats to them are removed or at least contained. Thus, although in situ species conservation is essentially a species-driven process, it also necessarily involves habitat protection. At a national level, most countries have put little if any effort into species conservation although in Europe several countries (including several in the Mediterranean region) as well as North America, Australia have considerable experience of recovery/conservation plans for highly endangered species. Only a small number of management, conservation plans or recovery plans have been published. On the other hand, conservation of forest species in situ is a long-standing tradition and there are lessons to be learnt from this area. As in other parts of the world, it is time to treat in situ species conservation in the Mediterranean as a serious issue that demands an informed, coherent and costed strategy. 88
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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