Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Botanical monography – where to go for future? MARHOLD K. Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia & Department of Botany, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic. E-mail: karol.marhold@savba.sk Monographs provide the cornerstones for systematic botany. These significant publications contain the basic statements of relationships among organisms, often focused at the specific level. To articulate this goal requires documenting vegetative and reproductive structures, modes of reproduction, distributions, ecology, biogeography, and evolution, along with clarification of correct names and affinities with related taxa (i.e., proposing a predictive classification). Armed with this information, valuable studies on evolutionary biology, floristics, and conservation can be completed. Despite their importance, fewer monographs are now being prepared by the newer generation of systematic botanists, who are understandably involved principally with DNA data and analysis, especially for answering phylogenetic, biogeographic, and population genetic questions. As monographs provide hypotheses regarding species boundaries and plant relationships, new insights in many plant groups are urgently needed. Increasing pressures on biodiversity, especially in tropical and developing regions of the world, emphasize this point. Rather than advocating abbreviated models for monographic products, a full presentation of relevant information is recommended. Electronic publication offers numerous means of illustration of taxa, habitats, characters, and statistical and phylogenetic analyses, which previously would have been prohibitively costly. Open Access and semantically enhanced linked electronic publications provide instant access to content from anywhere in the world, and at the same time link this content to all underlying data and digital resources used in the work. Resources in support of monography, especially databases and widely and easily accessible digital literature and specimens, are now more powerful than ever before, but interfacing and interoperability of databases are much needed. Priorities for new resources to be developed include an index of type collections and an online global chromosome database. Funding for sabbaticals for monographers to work uninterrupted on major projects is strongly encouraged. It is recommended that doctoral students be assigned smaller genera, or natural portions of larger ones (subgenera, sections, etc.), to gain the necessary expertise for producing a monograph, including training in a broad array of data collection (e.g., morphology, anatomy, palynology, cytogenetics, DNA techniques, ecology, biogeography), data analysis (e.g., statistics, phylogenetics, models), and nomenclature. Training programs, supported by institutes, associations, and agencies, provide means for passing on procedures and perspectives of challenging botanical monography to the next generation of young systematists. 15
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Next generation phylogenetics – Inferring species trees and networks from gene trees OBERPRIELER C. 1 , WAGNER F. 1 , KONOWALIK K. 1 , TOMASELLO S. 1 , VOGT R. 2 1 Plant Evolution Group, Institute of Botany and Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. E-mail: christoph.oberprieler@biologie.uni-regensburg.de 2 Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. In order to accomplish the ultimate goal of phylogenetics, being the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the different lineages of organisms (the ´Tree of Life´), the usage of methods of molecular systematics have developed into indispensable tools of systematists. However, growing evidence for the importance of reticulation events among lineages by processes like hybridisation, homoploid or polyploid hybrid speciation in addition to the classically reconstructed bifurcations renders our genetree reconstructions to be only a step on the path towards the long-standing conceptual goal of systematics, being rather a tree of species than a tree of genes. In addition, the advent of large multi-locus datasets (phylogenomics) with their large numbers of independently segregating and individually evolving loci will also necessitate the application of new algorithms for estimating species trees from a number of often contradictory gene trees. The present contribution aims at an account of methods currently used in approaches to estimating species trees from multi-locus fingerprinting and sequence data and will present results for species network reconstructions in polyploid complexes of the Compositae-Anthemideae (Leucanthemum, Leucanthemopsis). 16
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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