Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Hidden diversity in Pottiaceae: a story of morphological convergence or taxonomists’ ignorance? KUČERA J., KOŠNAR J. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. E-mail: kucera@prf.jcu.cz Identification of taxa in the moss family Pottiaceae is notoriously difficult for most bryologists. Being one of the largest moss families with more than 1400 species estimated, the members of the group particularly thrive in the harsh, arid subtropical climates on base-rich substrates. The Mediterranean region is therefore particularly rich in species, with 95% of the nearly 250 species occurring in Europe and Mediterranean together. Members of Pottiaceae are typically minute and the number of available morphological characters on both gametophyte and sporophyte is relatively small. Most of these characters are moreover variable and easily modifiable by environment, which led to prolific description of new taxa based on subtle morphological differences in earlier times. After the extent of phenotypic plasticity has been better understood, attempts at significant reduction of species numbers occurred in revisionary treatments. Nevertheless, filtering out the phenotypic plasticity is methodically difficult, as this kind of variation commonly exceeds the typical interspecific diagnostic differences, and the cultivation experiments are hardly feasible for most Pottiaceae. Poor separation of genetically controlled differences from siteconditioned phenotypic expressions in pre-molecular treatments generally overestimated the role of ‘transitional morphology’ and led to unjustified lumping of species, particularly among the most reduced groups, such as the genera Gymnostomum, or Hymenostylium. Blurred morphological and phylogenetic boundaries among the traditionally recognized taxa have on the other hand recently been observed in the polyploid complex of Tortula muralis s.l. following the hybridization. Another reason for overlooking a part of the diversity in Pottiaceae is their rareness and occurrence in hardly accessible regions. This applies both to the under-explored Mediterranean region and, e.g., the higher locations of the Alps, as was recently demonstrated in the genera Oxystegus and Hymenostylium. The most challenging hidden diversity seems, however, to dwell within the superficially wellknown and unproblematic taxa. Molecular methods of phylogenetic reconstruction have identified polyphyletic assemblages not only within traditionally recognized genera, but also at the specific level. These ‘cryptic species’ however usually do differ in characters, which can be morphologically or anatomically described and also possess distinct distributional and ecological patterns. We have thus recently shuffled e.g. the understanding of the Hydrogonium orientale group, and extreme cases of morphological convergence can be demonstrated to occur within several traditionally recognized Didymodon species. It is therefore absolutely necessary not to limit oneself to inherited taxonomic grails but always look for, integrate and newly interpret the relevant information from all available sources. 19
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Bryophytes in selecting Important Plant Areas (IPA) for the Mediterranean region based on a new Portuguese Red-List. Analysis and modelling distribution of speciesrichness and endangered species SÉRGIO C. Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, E-mail:csergio@fc.ul.pt Portugal has been the subject of numerous recent bryological studies in important regions although there remain some unstudied areas. From recent fieldwork, 2 new species to science were found and 57 species are reported as new to this country in the last 10 years. We here present an outline of current knowledge using recent and past data records (herbaria and bibliography) as a basis for a new Red List. Using this data Important Plant Areas (IPAs) were selected. Some regions are exceptionally rich in bryophytes as shown in current species richness distribution maps. The IPAs mapped, as well as analysis and modelling of species-richness and important species, can be useful in guiding conservation planning. Future studies in relatively unknown areas will most likely lead to the discovery of further bryophytes of conservation importance and the benefits of a large-scale joint effort to develop a common model formulation for some species of the Mediterranean region are clearly illustrated. 20
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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