Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Plant micro-reserves in the Valencian Region (Spain): Are we achieving the expected results? * LAGUNA E., JIMÉNEZ J., FOS S. Generalitat Valenciana. Dirección General del Medio Natural. Servicio de Vida Silvestre. Valencia. E-mail: jimenez_juaper@gva.es The plant micro-reserves (PMR) are a specific designation of protected sites for in situ protection of selected plots of native vegetation, proposed by 1990 in the Valencian Community (Spain) and developed since 1994 thanks to an ad hoc legislation (Valencian Decree 218/1994). The Valencian PMRs are protected sites up to 20 ha housing endemic, rare or threatened plant species, set up on public lands, or proposed by engaged landowners on their properties. The design, protection and management are carried out by the regional government (Generalitat Valenciana). After almost 20 years since the set up of the PMRs network, it is time for an assessment of its effectiveness in order to protect endangered and endemic species, boost knowledge and research and promote recovery of threatened species. The first objective of the PMRs since 1994 until 2009 was to set up a network focused on the endemic species, in order to facilitate its study and regular census by the Valencian botanists. Due to this reason, lots of PMRs were devoted to protect selected sites holding endemic, but not endangered species. Currently, the network holds populations for 270 endemic taxa (74% of the Spanish endemics found in the region). In most cases the sites selected held the best populations known for those species, so they did not need additional practices of active conservation. Although its effectiveness to ensure the passive conservation, the network failed to achieve its main pursued goal –to obtain an overview on the long term changes in the Valencian flora, through the population data of the PMR target species-, due to the lack of interest of the botanical community to develop a global monitoring of plant populations. As a result of the approval of the new Valencian Decree of Endangered Flora in 2009, the goals for the PMR network have changed, and the active conservation of threatened species -103, often non endemic plants- was formally proposed as a major goal. For this purpose, the current PMRs are less functional as initially expected, due that only the 60% of the threatened species have been ‘captured’ by the network. The active conservation tasks for the most endangered species, as proposed in the current drafts of plant recovery plans, often should be developed out of the PMRs –i.e. for the creation of new safe populations. Some directives to encompass the recovery plans and the PMR network should be drafted, in order to improve the role of these protected sites. *The actions herein reported have been developed thanks to the economic support of the European Commission since 19938 through LIFE projects, and agricultural/regional funds. 89
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Translocation guidelines for wild flora in Italy from the Italian Ministry of Environment (MATTM) ROSSI G. 1 , TARTAGLINI N. 2 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. E-mail: graziano.rossi@unipv.it 2 GSPC National Focal Point (expert), Ministry of Environment, Land and Sea. Directorate-general for Nature and Sea Protection, Rome, Italy. Nowadays, many wild plant and animal species are at the brink of extinction both globally or locally. Following the 2011 IUCN Red List of the European Union and Italian Red List (MATTM, 2013), about 25% of the considered plant species are threatened with extinction (CR, EN, VU). Species extinction rate have been increasing in the last century as a consequence of human-induced activities, that resulted mostly in habitat destruction and change of land use. Moreover, climate changes start to be quite effective on plant life in cold areas like mountains, mostly in the last two decades. These threats are active in Europe, but poorly investigated, especially for plants. The “Italian Strategy for Biodiversity” (2010), recognizes, among the main threats to biodiversity, the change of the traditional agricultural practices, especially in mountain areas. International strategies and conventions highlight the necessity for urgent conservation actions aimed to halt the loss of biodiversity and to preserve the ecosystemic functions for the human wellness. The best way to conserve species is represented by in situ conservation actions with the aim to save wild populations. However, the native habitats are often totally compromised and unable to support the species. As a consequence, new integrated in situ and ex situ conservation practices have been developed in the field of Conservation Biology. Among them, translocation, including population reinforcements, reintroductions and conservation introductions, are the most important. In Italy in 2013 are published the “Guidelines for the Translocation of Wild Plant species” (http://www.naturaitalia.it/home_it/biodiversita/conservare-la-biodiversita/tut-eco-sister.html?p=9), that are the results of about 20 years researches and practical experiences, focused on the amelioration of translocation techniques. Plant translocations are high risk options with high rate of failure, that can be reduced through the application of rigorous protocols and the development of ad hoc thecniques. The publication is a synthesis of the newest knowledge in the field of translocations, from a national and global point of view. 90
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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