Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Floristic relationships of Italy with the Balkan Peninsula* MARHOLD K. Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia & Department of Botany, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic. E-mail: karol.marhold@savba.sk International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) founded in 1950 is dedicated to organismal biodiversity, the extent, recognition, organization, evolution, and naming of plants and fungi, both living and fossil. The Association was always active in Europe and particularly in the Mediterranean area, supporting a wide range of plant taxonomists working in this region. This was the main reason while the symposium on the floristic relationships of Italy with the Balkan Peninsula got our full support. Indeed, the Mediterranean belongs to the most important Earth’s biodiversity hotspots being shaped particularly by the geological history, climate changes and last, but not least, by the human activities (Thompson, 2005, Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean). Introductory talk by Gonzalo Nieto Feliner provides an overview of the current state of Mediterranean phylogeography and sets the stage for other talks of the symposium. Phylogenetic evidence for the plant transadriatic connections is summarized by Frajman & Schönswetter. While some close relationships of Italian and Balkan plant populations stem from the time when southern Italy and Balkans were connected by a chain of islands across the strait of Otranto, others are result of their spread along the coast. Examples of the taxa where transadriatic relationships were confirmed as well as those where they were rejected are given. The talk by Passalacqua deals with the Southern Apennine mountain flora that is important for better understanding of Italian-Balkan floristic connections. Finally, Bodganović & al. provide an example of analysis of the transadriatic species complex, on the case of Campanula garganica and related species using nuclear and plastid DNA sequences as well as DNA fingerprinting. Revealed genetic structure of this complex clearly indicates connections between Apennine and Balkan Peninsulas in the past, most likely during Pleistocene fluctuations of the sea level. * IAPT supported Symposium 33
XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy), 9-15 September 2013 Facts and fancies about transadriatic connections in plants - phylogenetic evidence FRAJMAN B., SCHÖNSWETTER P. Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. E-mail: bozo.frajman@uibk.ac.at; peter.schoenswetter@uibk.ac.at Contemporary distributions of plants are result of different factors, such as historic geologic activities and climatic fluctuations, biology of the species (different dispersal modes) as well as recent influences, e.g. through human activities. In general, geographically closer areas share a more similar flora than more distant ones and larger water bodies (e.g. seas, oceans) often present barriers for dispersal. Such a barrier is also the Adriatic Sea, but it has been long acknowledged that several species managed to bridge this barrier, resulting in amphi-Adriatic distribution patterns. Traditionally it is assumed that many of these plants have bridged the Adriatic in the Tertiary (Miocene-Pliocene), when southern Italy was connected with the Balkans by a chain of islands across the Otranto Strait. The other, mostly Illyrian species, have more likely spread along the northern Adriatic coast. Some examples of the species (groups) with amphi-Adriatic distribution are the Campanula garganica complex, Cardamine glauca, Drypis spinosa, Euphorbia barrelieri, Gentianella crispata and Potentilla apennina. Some of them were recently studied phylogenetically and hypotheses of close relationships between populations/species from both areas were either confirmed (as in the case of C. garganica) or rejected (as in the case of Androsace mathildae – A. komovensis). Other phylogenetic studies indicated some additional connections, as in the case of Knautia visianii and K. lucana. The timing of the diversification events between the Italian and Balkan Peninsula is difficult to assess, but some studies indicate that the dispersal to Italy has likely taken place at different time horizons and is thus not limited to the Tertiary. 34
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Abstracts, XIV OPTIMA Meeting, Palermo (Italy) , 9-15

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